Spare parts 0372336180 SAUTER

Spare parts 0372336180 SAUTER

Spare parts 0372336180 SAUTER

BURKERT00246255 replacement

BURKERT00314802

BURKERT00178601,005600F

BARKSDALEB2T-A48SS-P5

RITTALSK3110.000

KROHNEUFC300 P

KROHNE4000826801

KROHNE19046530

IVA SCHMETZGRAPHITPASTE NASP GG1975 1KG

STAUBLIN00342806

STAUBLIN00454008

STAUBLIN00342806

STAUBLIN00454008

ROLANDSCPWS-GG DELIVERY LENGTH 40 M.

STAUBLI33.0108

STAUBLI33.0508

STAUBLI143152

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BINKS250687

PARKERVHR 90-1/2? ED VA

WURTH06992614

WURTH0699 263 8

WURTH0699 263 8 3/8

METRONIXARS 2102

EUROTECEPP2M01-057-MA-AD

CRANEARBB5B7UDF

MARBAISE DORTMUND10113678

HYDRAFORCEHF87774-13

HYDRAFORCEHF164159-21

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DURR70734

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MAYR7010270-1

GEMU615 15D 1122911/N 88663727

WITTENSTEINFAWERK LP 070S-MF2-25-1D1

KNOLLFKA/1000

TROCHOIDTOP-204HB

UASBEF 8000-2S-MV 替代

GEMU88550237

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AVITEQSCE-EN50-2

OERLIKON1530734

The basic actuator is used to drive the valve to the fully open or fully closed position. The actuator used to control the valve can accurately move the valve to any position. Although most actuators are used for opening and closing valves, the design of today's actuators goes far beyond simple switching functions. They include position sensing devices, torque sensing devices, electrode protection devices, logic control devices, digital communication modules, and PID control modules, all of which are installed in a compact housing.

As more and more factories adopt automation control, manual operations are replaced by mechanical or automated equipment. People demand that the actuator can play an interface role between the control system and the mechanical movement of the valve, and also require the actuator to enhance work safety performance and environmental protection performance. In some hazardous situations, automated actuator devices can reduce personnel injuries.

sectional view

(2 photos)

Some special valves require emergency opening or closing in special circumstances, and the valve actuator can prevent further spread of danger while minimizing factory losses. For some high-pressure large-diameter valves, the required output torque of the actuator is very large. In this case, the required actuator must improve mechanical efficiency and use a high output motor in order to operate the large-diameter valve smoothly. For some small torque valves, compact electric valves are also used, which have the advantages of light weight, compact structure, and complete functions compared to ordinary types. As shown in the sectional view.

valve

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In order to successfully achieve process automation, it is important to ensure that the valve itself can meet the special requirements of the process and the medium inside the pipeline. The production process and process medium usually determine the type of valve, the type of valve core, as well as the structure and materials of the valve internals and valves. As shown in the picture "Precision Small".

compact

After selecting the valve, the next step is to consider the requirements of automation, that is, the selection of the actuator. The actuator can be considered simply based on two basic types of valve operation.

Rotary valve

This type of valve includes: plug valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, and dampers or baffles. This type of valve requires an actuator that can rotate 90 degrees with the required torque

Multi turn valve

This type of valve can be a non rotating lifting stem or a rotating non lifting stem, or they require multiple rotations to drive the valve to the open or closed position. This type of valve includes: straight through valve (globe valve), gate valve, knife gate valve, etc. As an option, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders or membrane actuators with linear output are also used to drive the aforementioned valves.

advantage

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The main advantages of electric actuators are high stability and user applicable constant thrust. The thrust generated by large actuators can reach up to 225000kgf, and only hydraulic actuators can achieve such a large thrust. However, the cost of hydraulic actuators is much higher than that of electric actuators.

The anti deviation ability of electric actuators is very good, and the output thrust or torque is basically constant, which can effectively overcome the unbalanced force of the medium and achieve accurate control of process parameters. Therefore, the control accuracy is higher than that of pneumatic actuators. If equipped with a servo amplifier, it is easy to achieve the exchange of positive and negative effects, and it is also easy to set the cut-off signal valve position state (hold/fully open/fully closed). In case of a fault, it must stay in its original position, which pneumatic actuators cannot do. Pneumatic actuators must rely on a combination protection system to achieve position protection.

actuator

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There are two types of electric actuators, generally divided into part turn electric valve actuators and multi turn electric valve actuators. The former mainly controls valves that require partial rotation, such as ball valves and butterfly valves, while the latter requires valves that require multiple turns of rotation, such as gate valves.

Electric driven multi turn actuators are one of the types of actuators used. Using a single-phase or three-phase motor to drive gears or worm gears and drive the valve stem nut, the valve stem nut moves the valve stem to open or close the valve. Multi turn electric actuators can quickly drive large-sized valves. In order to protect the valve from damage, the limit switch installed at the end of the valve stroke will cut off the motor power supply. At the same time, when the safety torque is exceeded, the torque sensing device will also cut off the motor power supply. The position switch is used to indicate the on/off status of the valve. The handwheel mechanism installed with the clutch device can manually operate the valve in case of power failure.

The main advantage of this type of actuator is that all components are installed in one housing, which integrates all basic and advanced functions within this waterproof, dustproof, and explosion-proof shell. The main disadvantage is that in the event of a power failure, the valve can only remain in its original position, and only with the use of a backup power system can the valve achieve a fail safe position (fail open or fail closed).

This type of actuator is similar to an electric multi turn actuator, with the main difference being that the final output of the actuator is a motion of 1/4 turn to 90 degrees. The new generation of electric single turn actuators combines the complex functions of most multi turn actuators, such as parameter setting and diagnostic functions using a non intrusive user-friendly interface. The single turn actuator has a compact structure and can be installed on small-sized valves, with a typical output torque of up to 800 kilograms per meter. Additionally, due to the small required power supply, they can be equipped with batteries to achieve safe operation in case of failure.

selection elements

When selecting a suitable valve actuator type and specification, the following factors must be considered:

Drive energy

The driving energy source is either a power source or a fluid source. If a power source is chosen as the driving energy source, a three-phase power source is generally used for large-sized valves, while a single-phase power source can be used for small-sized valves. Generally, electric actuators can have multiple types of power sources to choose from.

Sometimes DC power supply is also optional, and in this case, power failure safe operation can be achieved by installing batteries. There are many types of fluid sources. Firstly, they can be different media such as compressed air, nitrogen, natural gas, hydraulic fluids, etc. Secondly, they can have various pressures. Thirdly, the actuator has various sizes to provide output force and torque.

Valve Type

When choosing a valve actuator, it is necessary to know the type of valve in order to select the correct actuator type. Some valves require multi turn drive, some require single turn drive, and some require reciprocating drive, which affect the selection of actuator types. Usually, multi turn pneumatic actuators are more expensive than electric multi turn actuators, but reciprocating linear output pneumatic actuators are cheaper than electric multi turn actuators.

Torque magnitude

For valves with a 90 degree rotation, such as ball valves, disc valves, and plug valves, it is advisable to obtain the corresponding valve torque from the valve manufacturer. Most valve manufacturers test the required operating torque of the valve at rated pressure and provide this torque to customers.

For multi turn valves, the situation is different. These valves can be divided into: reciprocating (lift) motion - valve stem non rotation, reciprocating motion - valve stem rotation, non reciprocating - valve stem rotation. The diameter of the valve stem must be measured, and the size of the valve stem connection thread determines the actuator specification.

Selection of execution mechanism

Once the type of actuator and the required driving torque for the valve are determined, the data sheet or selection software provided by the actuator manufacturer can be used for selection. Sometimes the speed and frequency of valve operation also need to be considered.

The fluid driven actuator can adjust the stroke speed, but the electric actuator with three-phase power supply only has a fixed stroke time.

Some small-sized DC electric single turn actuators can adjust their travel speed.

structural principle

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Taking the integral proportional adjustment type of MD series electric actuators as an example.

The MD series electric actuator is a dish servo mechanism driven by an AC servo motor. The position locator PM-2 control board receives a 4-20mA DC control signal from the adjustment system and compares it with the position feedback signal from the position transmitter. After the comparison signal deviation is amplified, the power stage conducts, and the motor rotates to drive the output of the actuator to move in the direction of reducing this deviation (the position transmitter continuously converts the actual position of the output into an electrical signal - the position interference feedback signal is sent to the position locator), until the deviation signal is less than the set value. At this point, the output component of the actuator stabilizes at the position corresponding to the input signal.

component

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The MD series angular stroke adjustment electric actuator consists of two main parts: power components and position locator (PM-2 control board). The power components mainly consist of electric motors, reducers, torque stroke limiters, switch control boxes, handwheels, mechanical limit devices, and position transmitters. The functions of each part are briefly described as follows:

1. Electric motor

Angular stroke electric actuator

Electric motors are special single-phase or three-phase AC asynchronous motors with high starting torque, low starting current, and small moment of inertia, thus having good servo characteristics. A thermal switch (as shown in Figure 3) is installed inside the stator of the motor for overheating protection. When the motor experiences abnormal overheating (internal temperature exceeding 130 ℃), the switch will disconnect the circuit that controls the motor to protect the motor and actuator. After the motor cools down, the switch will be restored and the circuit will resume operation. In order to overcome inertia and coasting, the motor control circuit of the adjustable electric actuator has electric braking function.

2. Reducer

The angular travel actuator adopts a planetary reduction and worm gear transmission mechanism, which has both high mechanical efficiency and mechanical self-locking characteristics. The reducer of the linear actuator is composed of a multi turn actuator reducer coupled with a screw nut transmission device.

3. Torque travel limiter

It is a standard unit set inside the reducer, consisting of an over torque protection mechanism, a stroke control mechanism (electrical limit), a position sensor, and wiring terminals.

(1) Over torque protection mechanism: The deflection generated by the internal planetary gear during torque transmission triggers the swing rod embedded in the outer ring of the gear. Each end of the swing rod is equipped with a force measuring compression spring as a sensing element for forward and reverse torque. When the output torque exceeds the set limit torque, the deflection of the internal gear triggers the torque switch of the swing rod, cutting off the control circuit and stopping the motor. Adjusting the compression amount of the torque limiting spring can adjust the limit value of the torque. This protection has a memory function, corresponding to the electrical devices in the wiring diagram being torque switches LEF and LEO. After the protective action is taken and the mechanical torque fault is eliminated, the actuator can be powered off or the signal can be instantly reversed to restore normal operation (memory release). [4]

Diagram of electric actuator and gearbox matching

(2) Travel control mechanism: composed of cam group and micro switch. The cam group is connected to the transmission shaft of the reducer through a gear reduction device. By adjusting the position of the cam plate acting on the forward and reverse direction micro switches (i.e. travel limit switches), the stroke of the actuator can be limited (travel switches FCO, FCF). The range of the electrical limit has been adjusted at the factory, and generally should not be adjusted casually to avoid damaging the mechanism. [4]

(3) Position sensor: A high-precision and long-life conductive plastic potentiometer is used as the position sensing element, which is coaxially connected to the cam group. The integral proportional adjustment type electric actuator position indication signal sends the resistance value of the potentiometer that changes with the output shaft stroke to the comparison amplification circuit of the PM-2 control board, and it sends a 4-20mA DC current signal for indication. [4]

4. Switch control box

There is a PM electronic position locator installed in the switch control box.

5. Handwheel

During the fault state and debugging process, manual on-site operation can be achieved by turning the handwheel.

6. Mechanical limit device

Mainly used for fault protection and to prevent exceeding the limit position during manual operation. The mechanical limit of the angular stroke electric actuator adopts a built-in fan-shaped turbine limit structure, with a small external volume and limit function; The mechanical limit of the linear electric actuator adopts a built-in block type limit structure, which can effectively protect the valve seat, valve stem, and valve core.

7. Position locator

A position locator is a multifunctional high-power amplifier board that compares and amplifies control signals with position feedback signals to control the on/off and rotation direction of an electric motor. It is connected to the power components of the actuator to control the actuator to operate according to the system's specified state. The position locator is mainly composed of circuits such as comparison, logic protection, amplification drive, and power amplification. The power amplification part of the position locator for controlling single-phase motors is mainly composed of a photoelectric coupled zero crossing triggered solid-state relay (contactless electronic switch). It should be noted that the "manual automatic" switch is used in conjunction with the manual adjustment potentiometer to observe or debug the actuator when there is no external signal. [4]

switch control

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Automatic control valve

The advantage of automatic control valves is that they can be operated remotely, which means that operators can sit in the control room to control the production process without the need to physically operate the valve on site. People only need to lay some pipelines to connect the control room and the actuator, and the driving energy can directly excite the electric or pneumatic actuator through the pipeline, with a 4-20mA signal to feedback the position of the valve.

continuous control

If the actuator is required to control parameters such as liquid level, flow rate, or pressure in the process system, which requires frequent action of the actuator, a 4-20mA signal can be used as the control signal, but this signal may change as frequently as the process. If a very high-frequency actuator is required, only select a special adjustable actuator that can start and stop frequently. When multiple actuators are required in a process, digital communication systems can be used to connect them together, which can greatly reduce installation costs. Digital communication circuits can quickly and efficiently transmit instructions and collect information. There are multiple communication methods available, such as FOUNDATION FILDBUS, PROFIBUS, DEVICENET, HART, and PAKSCAN designed specifically for valve actuators. Digital communication systems can not only reduce investment costs, but also collect a large amount of valve information, which is very valuable for predictive maintenance programs of valves.

Predictive maintenance

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Operators can use the built-in data storage to record the data measured by the torque sensing device during each action of the valve. This data can be used to monitor the operation status of the valve, prompt whether the valve needs maintenance, and diagnose the valve.

The following data can be diagnosed for valves:

1. Friction force of valve sealing or packing

2. Friction torque of valve stem and valve bearing

3. Friction force of valve seat

4. Friction during valve operation

5. The dynamic force acting on the valve core

6. Friction force of valve stem thread

7. Valve stem position

Most of the above data exists for all types of valves, but the emphasis is different. For example, for butterfly valves, the frictional force during valve operation can be ignored, but for plug valves, this force value is very large. Different valves have different torque operating curves. For example, for wedge-shaped gate plates, the opening and closing torques are very large. During other strokes, only the friction force of the packing and thread is present. When closing, the hydrostatic pressure acts on the gate plate, increasing the friction force of the valve seat. The final wedging effect rapidly increases the torque until it is fully closed. So, based on the changes in the torque curve, it is possible to predict the faults that will occur, which can provide valuable information for predictive maintenance.

Precautions

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Taking the integral proportional adjustment type of MD series electric actuators as an example.

Before powering on, a visual inspection and insulation inspection must be carried out. The insulation of the power circuit (arc circuit) and signal contacts to the housing should not be less than 20M Ω when measured with a 500V megohmmeter. The insulation between the signal input circuit, output circuit, and their connection to the power circuit should not be less than 10m Ω unless otherwise specified. Only after passing the inspection can power be turned on. After powering on, the transformer, motor, and electronic circuit components should be checked for overheating, and there should be no noise from rotating parts. If any abnormal phenomena are found, the power should be immediately cut off to identify the cause. Do not easily solder off components until the cause is identified. When replacing electronic components, precautions should be taken to prevent excessive temperature and damage to the components. When replacing field-effect transistors and integrated circuits, be sure to ground the soldering iron properly or disconnect it from the power supply to use waste heat for soldering. When disassembling parts, components, or welding wires, proper markings should be made, corresponding to the markings. Efforts should be made to avoid open circuits in the output circuit of the tested equipment and to prevent power outages when there is an input signal. The repaired equipment must be calibrated. Check the insulation resistance between the coil and the shell and between the coils of the electric motor, measure the DC group of the coil, clean the bearings and add high-quality lubricating oil, and inspect the rotor, stator coil, and brake assembly; For the reducer, it is necessary to disassemble and clean each component, check the condition of the planetary gear part, check the condition of the helical gear part, check the meshing of the turbine scroll or screw nut, and then assemble, adjust, and extend the lubricating grease. For the position sensor part, a visual inspection should be carried out to check the coaxial connection between the potentiometer and the stroke control mechanism, the basic condition of the potentiometer, and the connection between the potentiometer and the amplification board.

Taking production safety in various unexpected situations as an example.

In large-scale pipeline systems, valves are widely distributed or far away. In order to ensure production safety in various emergency situations, valves need to have the function of manually closing the door after local power failure, and also be able to display and remotely monitor the valve opening locally. This requires electric actuators to have a low-power manual mode with self-contained batteries. In case of local power failure, they can enter manual mode and use self-contained batteries to not only display the valve opening locally, but also provide remote valve opening display for remote monitoring.

Low power manual mode involves low-power LCD screen technology, low-power CPU technology, low-power data acquisition, calculation, processing and transmission, and low-power battery powered technology. The key is that the valve opening sensor needs to use a full stroke absolute value multi turn encoder. In fact, in manual mode, due to the low requirement for response to changes, MCU (microprocessor) can adopt a low-power intermittent working mode, which is a semi sleep mode, to ensure extremely low power consumption and long-term use of its own battery capacity.

When selecting the low-power semi sleep mode function, the valve opening sensor should use a sensor that does not affect position memory under power outage conditions, such as a potentiometer or a full stroke multi turn absolute value encoder. The accuracy and measurement stroke of potentiometers are limited. There are two methods for using potentiometers on electric actuators. One is to use the potentiometer stroke once throughout the entire stroke (through variable speed), and the power-off position will not be lost, but the accuracy is very low; Another method is to use multiple potentiometer strokes, which improves the position accuracy. However, each time the stroke is exceeded, electronic memory is required. When the power is cut off, there is no electronic memory for the position. If a battery is used to achieve memory, it will require a lot of battery energy. If the Hall pulse counting method is used, the counting is real-time and uninterrupted. After power failure, the battery consumption memory is used, and the battery capacity is not enough. The use of a full stroke multi turn absolute value encoder is a possible valve opening sensor for this mode. However, due to the extremely short data reading time and the need to ensure data accuracy, the data requirements of this encoder are very high. Some of the selected absolute value encoders have a single loop function, and beyond a single loop, electronic counting and memory are required. After power failure, the power consumption for counting and memory is high, making it unsuitable for this semi sleep low-power mode.

The full stroke multi turn absolute value encoder adopts RS485 active mode to send data, actively sending once every 8mS. The power on start-up time of the encoder is extremely short, and the data contains two verification methods, with high performance. As it is a full stroke multi turn absolute value encoder, each position in the total stroke is encoded, independent of the previous reading and does not require counting, counting, or memory. Therefore, a intermittent power on and reading mode can be used. For example, every 1-5 seconds, the MCU motherboard works intermittently once (or twice), with each working time only a few tens of milliseconds, quickly realizing the work of start-up, data reading, processing, and sending. The rest of the time is in a sleep state, which is called "semi sleep low-power mode". The sentence is:.

Fault Analysis

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Taking the integral proportional adjustment type of MD series electric actuators as an example.

1. Position sensor section

(1) After receiving the on/off signals from the control system, the electric actuator can rotate normally, but there is no valve position feedback. The possible reasons are:

1) The potentiometer of the position sensor and the stroke control mechanism cannot rotate coaxially, and the connection part needs to be checked for damage;

2) The potentiometer is damaged or its performance deteriorates, and the resistance value does not change with rotation;

3) Is the connection wire between the potentiometer of the position sensor and the amplification board normal;

4) Is the PM amplifier board damaged and is there any feedback signal sent out.

(2) After receiving the opening and closing signals from the control system, the electric actuator can rotate normally, but the valve position feedback is always a fixed value that does not change with the opening and closing of the valve. This may be due to:

1) The resistance of the conductive plastic potentiometer is a constant value and does not change with rotation. Please repair and replace the potentiometer;

2) Check and handle any abnormalities in the relevant parts of the enlarged board.

2. Actuator

After receiving the switch signal from the control system, the motor does not rotate and has a buzzing sound. The reason may be:

1) The planetary gear part of the reducer is jammed, damaged or deformed;

2) The helical gear transmission part of the reducer is deformed, excessively worn or damaged;

3) The turbine vortex rod or screw nut transmission part of the reducer is deformed, damaged, or jammed;

4) The overall mechanical part is not well coordinated and flexible, and needs to be adjusted and refueled.

Figure 3

3. Electrical malfunction

1) After the electric actuator receives the on/off signal from the control system, the motor does not rotate and there is no buzzing sound. Possible reasons are: there is no AC power supply or the power supply cannot be added to the motor part or position locator part of the actuator; The PM amplification board is not working properly and cannot issue corresponding control signals; The solid-state relay is partially damaged and cannot convert the weak signal sent by the amplifier board into the strong electrical signal required by the motor; The motor thermal protection switch is damaged; The torque limit switch is damaged; The travel limit switch is damaged; The manual/automatic switch position is selected incorrectly or the switch is damaged; Motor damage.

2) After receiving the on/off signal from the control system, the electric actuator does not rotate and produces a buzzing sound. The possible reasons are: the starting capacitor of the motor is damaged; Slight short circuit between motor coil turns; The power supply voltage is insufficient.

3) After the electric actuator receives the on/off signal from the control system, the motor shakes and makes a creaking sound. The reason may be that the output signal of the PM amplifier board is insufficient to make the solid-state relay conductive, resulting in insufficient loading voltage of the motor; The performance of solid-state relays deteriorates, causing their output terminals to not conduct.

Figure 4

Differences in Traditional Equipment

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From a traditional perspective, cylinders and electric actuators have always been considered as automation products belonging to two different fields. With the continuous improvement of electrification, electric actuators have gradually entered the pneumatic field, and the two compete and complement each other in application. In this column, we will compare the advantages of cylinders and electric actuators from several aspects such as technical performance, purchase and application costs, energy efficiency, application scenarios, and market situation

1. Comparison of Technical Performance

Compared to electric actuators, cylinders can work under harsh conditions, are easy to operate, and can basically achieve maintenance free operation. Cylinders are good at performing reciprocating linear motion, especially suitable for the various conveying requirements in industrial automation - the linear handling of workpieces. Moreover, simply adjusting the one-way throttle valves installed on both sides of the cylinder can achieve stable speed control, which has become a major feature and advantage of the cylinder drive system. So for users who do not have multi-point positioning requirements, the vast majority of them prefer to use cylinders from the perspective of convenience. The application of electric actuators in industrial sites mostly requires high-precision multi-point positioning, which is difficult to achieve with cylinders and is a secondary result.

Figure 1

Electric actuators are mainly used for rotating and swinging conditions. Its advantage lies in its fast response time and precise control of speed, position, and torque through a feedback system. But when it is necessary to complete linear motion, transmission conversion needs to be carried out through mechanical devices such as toothed belts or screw rods, so the structure is relatively complex, and there are high requirements for the working environment and the professional knowledge of operation and maintenance personnel.

2. Advantages of cylinders

(1) The requirements for users are relatively low. The principle and structure of the cylinder are simple, easy to install and maintain, and have low requirements for users. Electric cylinders are different. Engineering personnel must have a certain level of electrical knowledge, otherwise it is highly likely to be damaged due to misoperation.

(2) High output power. The output force of the cylinder is proportional to the square of the cylinder diameter; The output force of an electric cylinder is related to three factors: cylinder diameter, motor power, and screw pitch. The larger the cylinder diameter and power, and the smaller the screw pitch, the greater the output force. A cylinder with a diameter of 50mm theoretically has an output force of 2000N. For electric cylinders with the same diameter, although different companies have different products, they generally do not exceed 1000N. It is obvious that cylinders have an advantage in output force.

(3) Strong adaptability. Cylinders can work normally in high and low temperature environments and have dust and water resistance, and can adapt to various harsh environments. However, due to the large number of electrical components, electric cylinders have high environmental requirements and poor adaptability.

The advantages of electric cylinders are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:

(1) The system composition is very simple. Due to the fact that the motor is usually integrated with the cylinder body, coupled with the controller and cables, the entire system of the electric cylinder is composed of these three parts, which are simple and compact.

(2) There are many stopping positions and high control accuracy. Generally, there are low-end types of electric cylinders, and the stopping positions for low-end products include 3, 5, 16, 64, etc., which may vary depending on the company; The product can reach hundreds or even thousands of positions. In terms of accuracy, electric cylinders also have an absolute advantage, with a positioning accuracy of up to 0.05mm, so they are often used in precision industries such as electronics and semiconductors.

(3) Strong flexibility. Undoubtedly, the flexibility of electric cylinders is much stronger than that of pneumatic cylinders. Due to the direct connection between the controller and PLC, precise control of the motor's speed, positioning, and forward and reverse rotation can be achieved. To a certain extent, the electric cylinder can move freely according to needs; Due to the compressibility of gases and the inertia generated during movement, even if the directional valve and magnetic switch are well coordinated, accurate positioning of the cylinder cannot be achieved

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GEMUR690 20D7871141EDN

GEMU658 15D8A401711T1 1537

GEMU1002753670/20/04

GEMUC60 20D 77 30 54 1 3F HPW

GEMUC60 16D 77 30 54 1 2F HPW

GEMUC60 12D 77 30 54 1 2 HPW

GEMUC60 8D 77 30 54 1 2 HPW

GEMUC60 4D 77 30 54 1 1 HPW

GEMUR690 15D33 1541EDN

GEMU88004049 514 25D 137 51 1+88261439 1300000Z38

GEMU88045051 835R32D 72214 163 100

GEMU88345918 DR0060U F05/07 S17A

GEMU88044932 554 20D 1 9 51 1 Replacement

GEMU610 12D 1 12911RN 88737202

GEMU88670456 615 12D 1125411/N

GEMU88668069 610 15D 7 15411/N

GEMU0324 2M1474 41C1010610 88340485

GEMU0324

GEMU554 32D1737 51 2RS015 | 88314934

GEMU8253 15D 137141 24 DC | 88311698

GEMU550 15D17341012G1RC404 | 88350198

GEMU1434000Z1A143A001030 | 88281743

GEMU1434S01Z025703000 | 88278648

GEMU1219000Z0000DG00M0M125A | 88205544

GEMU88387764 ZRSK015033 37 3714F1

GEMU0324 2M1474 41C1010210 | 88322110

GEMU61015D752911/N_6.0BAR

GEMU615 12D 1375411/N | 88668732

DOLD045669.12/693/61DC24V

GEMUGDR16OF10-F12H GM090423

12BD D300PH1.0

GEMUGDR15F0T-F10H GMO100510

GEMUGDR100FOTF10H GMO10421

GEMU92-1280-11300-532

GEMU205 20D 0 114123050/60 | 88003801

GEMU88633737 605 10D17C35410/N 1502

GEMU88668069 610 15D 7 15411/N

GEMU1436000Z1SA010001030 88254004

GEMU88579804 600 10M19

GEMU88036557 807R50D332114 172 64

GEMU88663707 610 15D 7 12911/N

GEMU673 25D505M02TS 1536 886406

GEMU612 20D505401TS 1536 88634299

GEMU88701959 620 50D 8182912

GEMU88745761 620 80D 8832913

GEMUR690 20D33141EDN

GEMUR690 20D33 1141EDN

GEMU88235574 554 15D5934 51 1

GEMU1434000Z1A141A001030 88282797

GEMU601 15D59C35400TS 1507 88633330

GEMU88559359 601 15D59C31700TS 1507

GEMU88012872 417 32D 7 1 40

GEMU88668069 610 15D 7 15411/N

GEMU88670457 615 15D 1125411/N

GEMU88670456 615 12D 1125411/N

GEMU88668069 610 15D 7 15411/N

BERNSTEIND-SU2 VKS 90GR

BIFFI2P271A15R1

GEMU68725D59C35E11/N1516

GEMU62520D59C35211/N1516

GEMU62515D59C35211/N1516

GEMU61215D59C35201TS1516

GEMU88004039 514 15D 137 51 1

GEMU99131649 865R10D7R2114 613 37,5BDG9

GEMU88670457 615 15D 1125411/N

GEMU88443984 514 15D8634 51 0+88004333 1300000Z04 Replacement

GEMU88621265 600 25M54 replacement

GEMU88786069 695 15D 190541FDN replacement

GEMU88688939 R690 15D 7 1291EDN

GEMUDN15 612 15D17C

GEMU88737921 R481250W232A1EL3 HR12AD0

GEMU88763576 R481125W332A1EL3 HR10AE0

GEMU88797218 R481100W332A1EL3 HR08AC0

GEMU88737915 R481 50W332A1EL3 HR05AW0

BUCHERW2N33RN-6BB2 24D

BUCHERW2N33RN-6BB2 24D

GEMU615 12D 1125411/N 88670456

GEMU1250000Z0000088029032

GEMU88668397 620150M29

GEMU88692285 620 80M29

GEMU88692288 620100M29

GEMU88301399 600 80M17

GEMU88301396 600 50M17

GEMU88081632 FSU 75 12 12 30 HP

GEMU88081647 FSR 75 16 12 30 HP

GEMU88081646 FSR 75 12 8 30 HP

GEMU88076977 FUE 75 12 12 30 HP

GEMU88081749 FLC 12 30 HP

GEMU88076980 FUT 75 12 12 12 30 HP

GEMU88082142 CF 75 12 HP

GEMU88632285 CVFF 12 7726 5 1277 HP

PIETRO FIORENTINI7050954CS10 204/A/FO + R14/A/FO S/N 201609316643

PIETRO FIORENTINI7050167 P17/M S/N 201460028922

PIETRO FIORENTINI7050169 P16/M S/N 201001300381

PIETRO FIORENTINI7050954CS10 204/A/FO+R14/A/FO S/N 201609316643 Item 1

GEMU1436000Z1ECON0001050 88429206

GEMU88685108 R690 50D 4755M1HDN 替代

GEMU1436000Z1SA010001S01 88250332

GEMUNT00375430 4232

GEMU514 15D1734 51 1 88075623

GEMU600 10M17 88301389

GEMU88663704 610 12D 1 12911/N

GEMUC60 16D77305412 F HPW 88674389

GEMUC67 16D77305402 F HPW 88674676

GEMU88737202 610 12D 1 12911RN

GEMU88396339 9615 10D 11RN

GEMU0324 2M1474 41C1010610 88340485

GEMU9615 10D 1RN

GEMU88396339 9615 10D 11RN 610 and 615 drivers have now been standardized and listed as 9615 10D 11RN

GEMU88737202 610 12D 1 12911RN

GEMU88396339 9615 10D 11RN

GEMU88290130% 1436 DPZ 1% in the 010002 s 01

GEMU88277307 514 25D 034 51 1

BUCHER301RC018412

GEMU417 32D 7 1 40 88012872

GEMU88706199 R677 32D7871290FDZ

GEMU88670456 615 12D 1125411/N

GEMU615 15D1125411/N

GEMU88678270 GDR0125 F07/10 S17A

GEMU615 15D1125411/N

GEMU88004063 514 50D 137 51 1+88254004 1436000Z1SA010001030+88415222 1436S01Z200303000

GEMU88004063 514 50D 137 51 1

GEMU883059 514 40D 034 51 1

GEMU882526 751 32D 137 51SU10KC0

GEMU88375900 751 50D 137 51SU15KC0

GEMU88317465 532 40D 890 51 1

GEMU88381805 514 25D8634 51 1

GEMU88214435 1230000ZA001031101101

GEMU817R20D 72214 149 1000 88045025

GEMU88014286 865R20D 72214 131 160

GEMU615 15D 1125411/N 88670457

GEMU600 10M54 88621263

GEMU615 15D 1125211/N

GEMU514 25D 1 9 52 188004711

GEMU88683666 1240000Z01AZ0300M1M1075

GEMU620 25D 8175M10KN 88701917

GEMU620 25D 8175410KN 88748136

GEMU88748136 620 25D 8175410KN

GEMU88345925 DR0150U F07/10 S22A

WILLMANN2412-1803

SOMASMTV-A5-AAD-B11

SOMASMTV-B5-AAD-B11

BUCHERQX53-063R

STAUFERMATIC9130Z58R OHNE 9130-10

SCHMIDBAUER14789A_130A

ARZUFFIRC09017B small minimum order 4

SPECKVG-55-56.0025 replaces the built-in motor

SPECKMTS0SC2-STD

B+WBWU2651

VAHLE173373R

INFICONPSG500-S DN16 ISO-KF

OATPMM13.3-A288

LEINE＆LINDE862-209126-2048 (including 15M twisted pair shielded cable)

HIRSCHMANNSPIDER 4TX-1FX

KEBE5SME00-24S0 (HR)

KEBKEB C240-01(E5-SM,E00-2400)

UNICORETH-AN-136

UNICORECS07-UV

UNICORE2230RG

HASTLER8.3010.188

HASTLER5.8600.541

HUMMEL1.313.2001.50

HUMMEL1.313.2001.50

HUMMELHSK-M-EX M40X1.5

HUMMELHSK-M-EX M25X1.5

INGERSOLL-RANDQXX2PT08PQ4-K2/0.8-8NM

INGERSOLL-RANDQXX2PT18PQ4-K2/1.8-18NM

HOSCOFEPM-6X4

SAMESJ2FENV385

SAMES910002870

SAMES1525849

SAMES910012239S

SAMES1507375

SAMES1510004

SAMESMINK. RUB-1895184

SAMES900006433RESTRICTORD:2.4

SAMES459881

SAMES910016428S

SAMES900008237

SAMES910028230

SAMESThe quotation for J2FENV385 is valid until March 28, 2023

SAMES910012239S

SAMES1510004

SAMES910002870

SAMES1525849

SAMES1507375

SAMES459881

SAMES900008237

SAMES900006433

SAMES910016428S

SAMES910028230

SAMESMINK. RUB-1895184

GEMU88264729 1436000Z1SA010001075

RICO-WORKGEMINI-ZETA 591 700 Replacement without adapter

SCHNEIDERXB6CV3BB quotation is valid until March 31, 2023

SCHNEIDERXB6CF4B5B

POSITAL314073 OCD-S101B-1212-S06S-PRL

SAUTERAVM234SF132U

E+LPD5020-L-5M+PD5020-5020-R-5M

E+LPA6210

PREVOSTDGOI 1615LS

PREVOSTDGOI 1615LS

PREVOSTDGOI 1615LS nozzle for this reel

BUCHERCINDY-16-B-SNS-S100-A-G10-1-SVA350 3/4' SAE-FLANGE (6000PSI), SETTING 350BAR(B-A),NBR-SEAL

STAUBLIRBE 19.6154

STAUBLIRMA 19.2105-JV

MICRO-EPSILONILD1420-50

HOLLAND SHIELDING SYSTEMS BVSERIES 5730 210MM×297MM WITH CONDUCTIVE SELF ADHESIVE

GRUNDFOSMAGNA3 D 65-150 F 97924874

MICRO EPSILONFAD-T-S-3,5X1,5-295-67°

CONTRINEXDW-AS-623-C8-001

SCHMERSAL1011205 BPS 250

SCHMERSALAZ16-03ZVRK

SCHMERSALAZM400Z-ST2-2P2P-E

SCHMERSALAZM400-B1 103003508

SCHMERSAL101172553 BNS 16-12ZV

SCHMERSALBPS16 101172566

FANDISFF12D24UNR

HOYERHMC2 160M2 2P B5

SIBA2100401

SIBA2000413.160

PMAPCLT-12B.50 7630030269035 quotation is valid until March 28, 2023 (for small packages of 50 meters)

PMABFH-12-0 7630030210808 (100 small packages)

PMABFH-17-0 7630030210709 (100 small packages)

PMAPCLT-17B.50 76300302686 (small package 50 meters)

PMABFH-36-0 7630030210549 (50 small packages)

LOVATOLPCSL1206

LOVATOLPX AU120

LOVATOLPX C10

LOVATOLPX C01

LOVATOLPCBL7113

LOVATOLPXLEM6

LOVATOLPXEM8

MAHLE852519SM-L3 Connector

RITTAL3313009

Steel8125/5041-2

SKFCALA36AX100X4G6/D24T2

R+WBK2/80//38/42

MGMBADA 90 LA2/8

MAYR1/018.100.2

MAYR1/070.000.6

MAYR8197262

GEMU88069986 807R25D 72114 155 16000101

MAYR8212329

SARTORIUSGWT 011297 PLATTF. 60KG ED/FE

SARTORIUSGWT 011298 F. PLATTF 150KG FE

IFEPSL50IP18-307R2

MENNEKES5956A

MENNEKES13106

IFESR 35-38S

IFETS500 538 KG

IFETS500KG 315KG

IFESR 35-38S quotation is valid for one month

IFETS500 538 KG + 5R-6290709A9 +5B-6051563A9 +7L-5204807

IFETS500 315 KG +5R-6290709A9 +5B-6051563A9 +5R-629260809

EMGLLS 1075/01 LICHTBAND+UMBAUSATZ LIC AUF LLS+HALTER LLS 1.051 Substitute

IMSKG20/10

IMSKG20/20

IMS14136 0811-C91

IMS14136 0811-C79

IMSMXR161

ASMMPM3B-JM3CA12P8A295WY1

APEX961907PT

APEX961905PT

PROSOFTRLX2-IHNF-E replacement (prototype number discontinued) quotation valid until March 3, 2023

EVGGSV2501220 230V Filter L ü FTER 250X250 Replacement

PRAEWEMAEM12-423-03K

PRAEWEMAEM12-408-02K

BARPKO3-3/2-040-C-GS083-08

SONDEXS41-IS16-34-TK-STEAM

MAGSYSRESISTOR/WIDERSTAND 10MΩ

MAGSYSDIODE 1N4007 PIT 2,5-DIO/R-L 3210237

MAGSYS28052015

KLINGEINBERGSTYLUS 397873A

KLINGEINBERG384235A

KLINGEINBERG366662A

KESSLERDMR 225.AM.4.FFS

HEITRONICSCT15.10

EPATOSNFLL0030 (LOW LEAKAGE NETZFILTER)

AMFThe quotation for 54874+54882+54890+54908 is valid until December 31, 2023

AMF54601+54619+54627+54635+54643+54650

MESA630-0202

MATESYSTTR100NK

ASKUBALKI 8-D KI 16-DNRBF

ASKUBALKI 10-D KI 10-DNRBF M10*1.25

ASKUBALKI 10-M10X1,25

ASKUBAL101302 KI 16-D + 100261 KA 8-DNRBF

ASKUBAL100252 KA 8-D + 100612 KI 10-DNRBFM10X1,25

ASKUBAL100339 KI 8-D + 101316 KI 16-DNRBF

ASKUBAL100598 KI 10-D+ 100612 KI 10-DNRBFM10X1,25

ASKUBAL100628 KI 10-M10X1,25

ASKUBALKA 6-D

ASKUBALKA 5-D

ASKUBALKI 5-D

ASKUBALKA 10-D

ASKUBALKI 10-D M10X1,25

PREVOSTHCA 106102

PREVOSTHCA 101102

BONFIGLIOLI315M R 4 525 FP P200 B2 G0A

PREVOSTDRF 1012IS

PREVOST27102 ECR

FESTO6704

FESTO525749 original model PUN-10X1,5-BL-300 new PUN-H-10X1,5-BL-300 roll 300 meters+roll 50 meters

FESTO531678 KS4-1/4-I

FESTO2145 KD4-1/2-A

FESTO534216 B-1/2-20

FESTO2149

ALFA LAVALM10-BWFDR

FUNKETPL 01-L-54-12

REXROTHAB32-12/00-K-010-22,R900028818

DANFOSSXB52M-1-120

DANFOSSXB61H-SB-1-140

ALFA LAVALMX25-BFG

ATLAS8059095660 STA 6000

ATLAS80590301 IRTT-B 2A-I06

ATLAS80590306 IRTT-B 5A-I06

ATLAS80590321 IRTT-B 25A-10

ATLAS80590326 IRTT-B 75A-10

VECTORVN1630A

VECTORCANAPE PRO

VECTORCANOE PRO

PREVOSTHFP 206103

HEGENSCHED1039910

HEGENSCHED1039853

HEGENSCHED2095377-10

FISCHERDE801E0042B90CEW0000

VAHLE10011578

ROLANDSHX42

IMSTTLM-4-A/E1104

FREUDENBERG075-1315 -053-611

FREUDENBERG100-1315-083 -611

FREUDENBERG200-1315-023 -411

ATRA21281199 VM319/1

ATRA21281229 VM319/4

OMALDAN0045412S replacement

ENOTEC0XITEC-500-EC0N0MY/23 B1A51

ENOTECPMC131-A11F1A1SPT

ROCLAROCLA-100A

ROCLAROCLA-40A

AIRTACCS1-G

BAUMERITD21H00 00512 H NI S21SG8 E 14 IP65 021

IDECHA-C1

BELIMOGM230A

NORDACSK520E551340AKAR

PENTAIRMODEL RCA3D2 24VDC

MICRO-EPSILONCLS-K-61/S

YASKAWASGMAH-04ABA2

COMITRONIC-BTIOPT02S

LENSESMCA 18835-RS080-B28R-STSF10N-POSU

CONDORMDR-F 10H-2W-S

NUMATICSL55EM44GGS06U61

Brand ImagesA16891

METTLER TOLEDO71207451 MT1241-30KG

NUMATICS181BA400A0B1661

DEMAGZBA 160 B 4 B280 V1 0

NORDSK 200E-222-340-A-WHI

SENSOPART605-11009 FS 25-R-L-K4

SENSOPART605-21018 FE 25-R-PNSL-K4

SENSOPART600-11063 FT 10-BH-PNSL-K4

SENSOPART635-91018 V50C-OB-A3-W-M-M2-L

HEINEMANNADLS-Y59-4

HEINEMANNADLS-Y59-6

HEINEMANNADLS-Y59-16

KOBOLDKSK-1500GK32S0

BUHLERG3/4-7X/-8X100032854101709210L=220M

GEFRANME0-6-M-B05C-1-4-0 XM087 2130X000X00

VAHLEU10/25-6PH 167006

VAHLE165010

VAHLE165011

VAHLESE10 165178

VAHLEKDS2/40-9-14，168087

VAHLEFH2.5-165120

VAHLEUSK10-165645

VAHLEKA-10-10N-142075

VAHLEBBFU、10B-10/165174

VAHLEABFU、10A-10/165176

VAHLEUV10 165006

VAHLEU10/25-6PE 167006

VAHLELT/LTE-U10-165114

STARTC003-32-LV-2

FISHER4211 4-20MA 24VDC

KEBC3.SM.500-34B0

AB1756-PA75

AB1756-PA75R

EMERSONKDD 7.5/R/600V/156/0.38

EATONNSP40S385MOD

SWTGROUPSWT CAVITY PRO 200, FORD NA

EASCQM6N(WASSER/LUFT)

SPECKCY 4081.0974

JUMO608-520/0280-814-00-0-876-12-105-96

JUMO608-502/0280-814-00-0-876-12-105-96

HARTINGHAN 3A-F

PHOENIX2902035 MINI MCR-2-UI-REL-PT replacement (prototype number discontinued)

TRACOTEP 200-7212WIRCMF

TRACOTEP-MK1

HUMMEL7 550 600 000

HUMMEL7 106 600 000

BURKERT069006C

BURKERT93161500

BAUMERITD21H00 02048 T NI S21SG8 F14 IP54 021

SPECKP 11/13-150 (00.0902)

GEMU605 8D 1341710/3 990256

GKNC2030SAE LZ1725 LA110

FINDER46.61.8.230.0020

PFERDDZY-A 2,2-4/3 D126 (354506)

PFERDDZY-A 2.8-4/3 D91 (354582)

BAUERESX125A9HA

SENNEBOGEN027376

SENNEBOGEN064200

SENNEBOGEN0918

SENNEBOGEN103142

SENNEBOGEN105028

SENNEBOGEN106924

SENNEBOGEN107060

SENNEBOGEN107197

SENNEBOGEN107202

SENNEBOGEN109674

SENNEBOGEN118606

SENNEBOGEN150307

SENNEBOGEN150309

SENNEBOGEN174541

SENNEBOGEN2506

SENNEBOGEN037668

SENNEBOGENPG5-664-IR20

BURKERT134240

BEDIA1169624

NORIS11767 FAJ13-0215-A (prototype number discontinued) has data and the quotation is valid until March 31, 2023

ZICOM PRIVATE LIMITED8MMS-UNION-T

SERVI_HUGE7AVB161AL.7N.7P.15E.16B 155121

AGAHTON7851.040.082

AGATHON8001.000.001

AGATHON7041.020.037

AGATHON7161.040.052

AGATHON7161.040.082

AGATHON7162.040.110

AGATHON6579.040.280

AGATHON6571.040.280

AGATHON6640.040.040

AGATHON7660.040.100

DEMAG56305644

MURR7000-44001-8400060

KNOLLSP50-550

PILZ504223

PILZ533121

SPECKEN-DRUMAGRP200/0-24/3/C/1/N

ROHM443191 OVS-85 SV

VECTORCANOE PRO

VECTORCANOE PRO

VECTORVN1640A CAN/LIN NETWORK INTERFACE

VECTORCANPIGGY 1057GCAP

SCHMERSALTA 471-03/03Y-H-RMS-840/500V

WILLMANNHV00000244

WILLMANNHV00000182

WILLMANNHP00000223

MICRO-EPSILONILD1420-200

DUNKERMOTORS88711 04270 TG11 3V

FITPZ72-D10AZG0S-C

FIT925210G34

FITFB100A-1LMRS6DF55TC

FTIPB200-13C22A0M01-T

DEMAG77330044

INDUSOL615010764

LAPPCRANE 7G2.5

PARKERPV140R1K1T1NMMC PV140R1K1T1NMMC4747

BENDERRCMB35-30-01

ORTLINGHAUS0086-096-01-230000

ORTLINGHAUS0086-055-10-100000+8400-009-06-006000

EUCHNER113986RIEGEL CES-AC-AP-C01-AH-SB-C2296

GEMU88630310 0324 2M1474 41C1010910

VECTORCANOE PRO

VECTORVN1640A

VECTORCANPIGGY 1057GCAP

L+BGEL2444DZ4G5K150

L+BGEL2444 DG4G4K150

LAHTI PRECISIONRC2-33T-C3

HENGSTLER0566082

GHIELMETTIHD1S5198E6K9

GHIELMETTIHD1S5430E6K9

WUERTH08932801

GRUNDFOSCM1-4A-R-A-V-A00VJ-A-A-N

RITTALSK3334300

LENSESE84AVSCE2222SX0

QUISSART.NR.70.11103 +ART.NR.70.11126 + TYPE RTV.3D

BANNERSGSXP3-400Q88

BANNERSLLP23-910P88

TOTALMULTRS EP2

CONFIDEX3000319

UNIVERKL1000800200M

UNIVERKL1000800150M

UNIVERUSS50JB41016K0

SICKS3000/2027180

SMCD-M9PW

DEMAG77330033/71881033

UNIVERKL1000800150M

UNIVERKL1000800200M

UNIVERUSS50JB41016K0

AIRTECMCKB63*150Y

DATALOGICGD4590-B

VOITH487 TVVNG

HBMZ7AD1-10T

EUCHNER028436 KET1234

ULKA MOTORSTipo 128 P HP 1 / 8 - 220 v- 0, 5 a- 50 Hz

GEMU88742145 620 65D 8182913A2+88683666 1240000Z01AZ0300M1M1075+888021 1240S01Z101207500

SANKYONO.46,600*600MM,CR

SANKYONO.E-45，T5-10-170

GEBR. STEIMEL8APE90S-6-IE3

GEBR. STEIMEL5AP90S-6

GEMU807R25D 72214 155 16000101 88054780

GEMU807R50D 72214 173100000101 88004939

GEMU88064141 807R65D 72214 177200000101

GEMU88064141 807R65D 72214 177200000101

MICRO-EPSILONDTA-5G8-3-CA+MSC7401+PC7400-6/4+2981021

MICRO-EPSILON19739 DTA-5G-SA

MICRO-EPSILONDTA-5G8-3-CA

MICRO-EPSILONMSC7401

VECTORCANOE

VECTORVN1640A+2*CANPIGGY1057GCAP

VECTORVN1640A

VECTORCANPIGGY 1057GCAP

VECTORCANOE PRO

DATALOGICENC41-H08-0360-C15

DATALOGICNC41-H08-0100-C15SV5120

WACHENDORFFEC7133L

WACHENDORFFWEW40902K

HAHN KOLB52107 070

LENSESGST04-2M VCK 063C42

SILICON LABSSI5338A-B-GM

DUNKERMOTORS88564 01090+88842 03917

AMPHENOLC14610G0245018

SSB0426 026 6 001

SSBX1068413 0902

SERAZXM411.3-3100E

GEMU65015D59F35A10T1

REGATRONSSRV-580

SORICLAT45-10MIU-B5

ZIMMERHK2701B

IFMIES215

IFMEVC498

VECTORCANOE PRO

VECTORVN1640A

VECTORCANPIGGY 1057GCAP

VECTORVH6501

BUTTNER1429159,ZK 18-12-1350 ORA1

BUTTNER1.00320, 7378.010.010

BERGHOFMO 104G 66.03 I8XL V/WEISS

MOOGT-1-V8-030-17-00-ZZ-E0

OPTRISMS-30+F9PS

OPTRISMALT15SF305

BERUGLüHKERZE ONE147407

FACTEM245038971-01 FL20-IA-16-70X5

FACTEMFL20-IA-16-70 × 5 package

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The main categories of pressure switches include normally open and normally closed. The main features are:

1. Adopting the British style pipe thread quick connector or copper pipe welding installation structure, the installation is flexible, easy to use, and does not require special installation and fixation.

2. The plug-in wire type connection can be freely selected by users.

3. Sealed stainless steel sensor is safe.

4. Manufacturing can be carried out within the pressure range according to the pressure value selected by the user.

A pressure switch is a device that is combined with an electrical switch. When the pre-set fluid pressure is reached, the switch contact will activate. It is mainly used for outputting alarm or control signals on industrial equipment such as power plants, petrochemicals, and metallurgy industries. It has important applications in the industrial field and can prevent damage to important devices in production engineering, avoiding major production accidents.

2. Main sensitive components of pressure switch 2.1 Bellows

Features: It has better durability and vibration resistance than Bourdon tubes, with a large adjustable range of connection and disconnection differences. The main materials are stainless steel, phosphor bronze, etc. The price is relatively high, but the measurable pressure range is small, up to 40MPa (CB33) 2.2 diaphragm

Features: It has excellent corrosion resistance and is mainly made of materials such as NBR and fluororubber. Sensitive components such as CS and CL series are also used. The selection of pressure switch quick and easy automation is included. [1]

purpose

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There are two main types of pressure switches: mechanical and electronic.

The G&L electronic pressure switch amplifies pressure signals through high-precision instrument amplifiers, collects and processes data through high-speed MCUs, and compensates with built-in precision sensors. It is a high-precision device that detects pressure and liquid level signals, achieves pressure and liquid level monitoring and control. Widely used in automation systems for measuring gas and liquid pressure in chemical, mechanical, hydrological, electrical, environmental protection, and other fields. Due to its convenient and flexible adjustment, as well as simple installation, it can replace most situations where liquid level switches are used.

1. The core of the product adopts a new type of intelligent microprocessor chip, which has practical and stable functions.

2. LED displays the current pressure or liquid level value;

3. Pressure or liquid level can be set to start or stop according to one's own needs;

4. Four LED products with three units to choose from according to customer needs: Mpa, KG. F/CM2, PSI

5. High and low pressure or liquid level alarm points can be set and output to the control equipment through relays or optocouplers; Output dual relay (single pole double throw) switch quantity;

6. Two relays/two optocouplers/with 4-20mA/0-10V output selectable;

7. Adopting high-precision pressure sensors, with higher accuracy than mechanical pressure switches, less hysteresis, fast response, and stability; Adjusting without dead zone, the relay action pressure point can be set arbitrarily within the entire range;

8. Using buttons to adjust action pressure, easy to use and more flexible; Protection level: IP65, suitable for use in harsh environments;

technical parameters

Range: -100Kpa to 200MPa;

Power supply voltage: 12~35V DC (24V DC calibration voltage)/AC 220V AC power supply

Output relay capacity: 380V 3A, 220V 5A, 24V DC 5A, etc

Accuracy: better than various parameters such as 0.0.5% FS and 1% FS

Setting range: Full range range range can be set

Sampling rate: 10 times/second (can be customized according to customer requirements).

Interface thread: M20 * 1.5, G1/4, G1/2, 1/4NPT (can be customized according to customer needs)

Operating instructions

Digital pressure switch is an intelligent control instrument that integrates pressure measurement, display, and control. It has the characteristics of simple operation, good anti vibration performance, high control accuracy, and long service life.

Taking the MD-S910 intelligent pressure switch as an example:

1. Pressure display window

2. MPa unit indicator light

3. Kg/cm unit indicator light

4. PSI unit indicator light

5. Operation indicator light

6. Lower limit indicator light

7. Upper limit indicator light

8. Power indicator light

9. (ON/OFF) Run button

10. Number reduction key (▼)

11. Number increase key (▲)

12. Set SET key

13. Pressure installation port

settings

Key Definition Explanation

1. (ON/OFF) Run button: The system run button must be turned off when setting parameters, otherwise the settings cannot be made.

2. (SET) Setting button: Short press this button to enter the pressure upper and lower limit setting state, long press for 3 seconds to enter the system setting state.

3. Increase key (▲): Press the key once to increase the number by 0.01MPa, and press and hold for 2 seconds to increase the number by 0.1MPa.

4. Decrease button (▼): Press the button once to decrease the number by 0.01MPa, and press and hold for 2 seconds to decrease the number by 0.1MPa.

Operation Method

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1. Method for setting control pressure

(1) Short press the ON/OFF button to turn off the running indicator light and the pressure control system.

(2) Set control upper/lower limit

Short press the SET button once to enter the lower limit setting state (corresponding to the lower limit indicator light on), set the value through (▲) (▼), and after setting the lower limit, short press the SET button to enter the upper limit setting. The setting method is the same as above.

(3) After the setting is completed, press the SET button to automatically save the set values to the computer chip (if there is no button operation within 5 seconds after parameter modification, the current parameter settings will be automatically saved).

(4) Press the ON/OFF button again (corresponding to the running indicator light on), and the motor will start working.

2. Unit switching method: Short press the ON/OFF operation button to turn off the operation indicator light, and short press the increase button (▲) to switch units between MPa, Kg/cm, and PSI at will. After setting, turn on the running indicator light.

3. Zero position reset function: Short press the ON/OFF operation button to turn off the operation indicator light, and long press the decrease button (▼) for 5 seconds to reset the current pressure value and correct the zero position error. After setting, turn on the running indicator light. (When using this function, the pressure switch must not apply pressure.)

System Function Mode

Press and hold the SET button for 3 seconds to enter the system settings, then press and hold the SET button briefly to display the following functional modes in sequence.

After setting all functional modes, press the (ON/OFF) run button to automatically store the set values in the computer chip.

Functional Mode

Function Details

effect

Setup method

Power-On Self-Test

R001/ R000

Close/Open

Function activation: The relay remains closed for 1 minute after power on, and even if the pressure exceeds the upper set value, the relay will not open.

Prevent the motor from starting frequently due to sudden changes in pressure inside the pipe when the motor is just started.

After entering the system settings, use the increase key (▲)/decrease key (▼) to turn on or off the function, and underline it as the default function.

Automatic pressure detection

S000/S001

on

Function enabled: If the controller fails to detect any pressure changes for 3 minutes after the relay is closed, it will automatically disconnect the relay and display an alarm message of "E-1" on the screen.

To avoid motor idling caused by the measured pressure not reaching the set upper limit value for a long time due to water source drainage, pipeline leakage, etc.

After entering the system settings, use the increase key (▲)/decrease key (▼) to turn on or off the function.

Overpressure self check

N001/N000

Close/Open

Function activation: When the pressure exceeds (upper limit+0.1MPa), the relay is disconnected and the screen alarm displays "E-2". When the pressure falls below (upper limit+0.1MPa) again, the alarm is cancelled and the controller resumes operation.

Remind customers that there is pressure exceeding the control limit in the control system. Please check if there are any abnormalities in the system.

After entering the system settings, use the increase key (▲)/decrease key (▼) to turn on or off the function.

Control delay

H001/H000 close/open

Function enabled: When the pressure reaches the action point, the controller does not immediately act, but delays the action. The delay time can be set.

Setting a control delay can prevent the motor from frequently starting and damaging due to unstable pressure inside the pipe.

After switching H001 to H000, press the SET key briefly to display '0010'. Use the (▲) (▼) keys to change this value in seconds, which defaults to 10 seconds. Press the SET key to save the settings and pop up.

Parameter protection

P001/P000

Close/Open

Function activation: Press any key other than the (ON/OFF) run key, and the screen will display "----". At this time, you need to enter a password to set parameters such as upper and lower limits.

Protect the parameters set by engineering personnel from being modified.

When '---' is displayed, enter the password through the (▲) key, shift the SET key, and the password is' 1111 '. After short pressing the SET key to confirm, parameter settings can be made. After the system is restarted, it automatically enters the password protection function.

※ Function definition: "* 001" (mode off), "* 000" (mode on), underlined to indicate factory default mode

working principle

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The working principle of a pressure switch is that when the pressure inside the system is higher or lower than the rated safety pressure, the disc inside the sensor instantaneously moves, and the switch joint is connected or disconnected by the connecting guide rod. When the pressure drops to or rises to the rated recovery value, the disc instantly resets, and the switch automatically resets. In other words, when the measured pressure exceeds the rated value, the free end of the elastic element displacement, directly or after comparison, pushes the switch element to change the on/off state of the switch element, achieving the purpose of controlling the measured pressure. The elastic components used in pressure switches include single coil spring tubes, diaphragms, bellows, and corrugated tubes. [2]

Main Categories

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flameproof type

Pressure switches can be divided into explosion-proof and explosion-proof types, with a usage level range of Exd II CT1~T6. Imported explosion-proof pressure switches must pass international certifications such as UL, CSA, CE, etc. Can be used in explosive areas and environments with strong corrosive atmospheres. Explosion proof pressure switches can provide products with different pressure, differential pressure, vacuum, and temperature ranges. The common application scope includes industries such as electricity, petroleum, chemical, metallurgical, boiler, food machinery, environmental protection equipment, etc.

Mechanical type

Mechanical pressure switch, caused by pure mechanical deformation resulting in micro switch action. When the pressure increases, it acts on different sensing pressure components (diaphragm, bellows, piston) to deform and move upwards. Through mechanical structures such as railing springs, the micro switch at the upper end is finally activated to output electrical signals. The setting method of UE pressure switch can be divided into continuous displacement type and force balance type based on functional principles.

Electronic type

Another popular option in the market in recent years is electronic pressure switches, which are used to replace electric contact pressure gauges and in systems with high industrial control requirements. This pressure switch is equipped with a precision pressure sensor, which amplifies the pressure signal through a high-precision instrument amplifier and collects and processes the data through a high-speed MCU. Generally, it uses a 4-digit LED real-time digital pressure display, relay signal output, and upper and lower limit control points that can be freely set. It has low hysteresis, anti vibration, fast response, stability, and high accuracy (accuracy is generally within ± 0.5% F.S, and up to ± 0.2% F.S). The use of hysteresis setting can effectively protect the repeated actions caused by pressure fluctuations, protect the control equipment, and is a high-precision device for detecting pressure and liquid level signals, realizing pressure and liquid level monitoring and control. The characteristics are: intuitive electronic display screen, high precision, long service life, convenient setting of control points through the display screen, but relatively high price, requiring power supply.

Precautions

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Pressure switches are widely used for high and low pressure protection control in household, commercial, and automotive refrigeration systems, steam conditions, and power plants; Accumulator, receiver, flash tank, separator, washer, refining unit. It can also be applied to high and low pressure protection control of various equipment and tools. But in the selection of pressure switches, the following points should be noted:

1. The necessity of explosion-proof: Explosion proof forms are divided into explosion-proof and intrinsic safety types, and most Nagano products are explosion-proof.

2. Do you need instructions: According to customer instructions.

3. Number of contacts: one contact (one output) or two contacts (two outputs).

4. Determination of set value and pressure range: It is recommended to set the range between 30% and 65% of the pressure range, and the range can be set between 15% and 90% of the pressure range.

5. Types of connection and disconnection: adjustable or fixed.

6. Whether there is pulsation: If there is pressure pulsation or vibration, a throttle valve needs to be installed to suppress the damage of pulsating pressure to the instrument.

7. occasions with diaphragm: When measuring corrosiveness, high viscosity, or high temperature, it is necessary to use a diaphragm.

related terms

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Accuracy: The value that represents the precision of a device, including linearity, tolerance, hysteresis, repeatability, etc. Nagano's pressure switch has a high precision of ± 0.5% F.S and is model CB33.

Max P: The maximum value of the pressure range.

Full Scale (F.S): The difference between the maximum and minimum pressure ranges.

Breakage difference (dead zone): refers to the difference between the set action value and the reset value of the switch. For example, when the set value is 1MPa and the actual reset value is 0.9MPa, the breakage difference is 0.1MPa.

Working temperature: refers to the temperature range within which the internal structure, sensitive components, and other components of the instrument will not undergo continuous deformation during operation. The recommended working temperature range for general pressure switches is -5~400C. If the medium temperature is too high, it is recommended to consider adding an accessory siphon tube (in the form of a syringe) to achieve the purpose of cooling.

S. P.D.T (single pole double throw): consists of one normally open, one normally closed contact, and one common terminal.

D. P.D.T (Double Knife Double Throw): It consists of a symmetrical left and right common terminal and two sets of normally open and normally closed terminals.

Upper limit one contact (normally open): When the pressure rises to the set value, the contact will actuate and the circuit will conduct.

Lower limit one contact (normally closed): When the pressure drops to the set value, the contact will actuate and the circuit will conduct.

Upper and lower limit two contact HL: It is a combination of upper limit and lower limit types, divided into two types: independent action of two contacts (dual setting, dual circuit) and simultaneous action of two contacts (single setting, dual circuit).

Upper limit 2 contacts: combines two upper limit forms and is divided into two types: independent action of two contacts (dual setting, dual circuit) and simultaneous action of two contacts (single setting, dual circuit).

Lower limit 2 contacts: combines two lower limit forms and is divided into two types: independent action of two contacts (dual setting, dual circuit) and simultaneous action of two contacts (single setting, dual circuit).

Pressure resistance: The high pressure that a pressure switch can withstand to maintain its normal performance. However, when the pressure switch is used in overpressure situations, the sensitive components will undergo continuous deformation, and the pressure setting value will change. The pressure switch will not be able to perform its normal function and may even be damaged.

The main categories of pressure switches include normally open and normally closed. The main features are:

1. Adopting the British style pipe thread quick connector or copper pipe welding installation structure, the installation is flexible, easy to use, and does not require special installation and fixation.

2. The plug-in wire type connection can be freely selected by users.

3. Sealed stainless steel sensor is safe.

4. Manufacturing can be carried out within the pressure range according to the pressure value selected by the user.

A pressure switch is a device that is combined with an electrical switch. When the pre-set fluid pressure is reached, the switch contact will activate. It is mainly used for outputting alarm or control signals on industrial equipment such as power plants, petrochemicals, and metallurgy industries. It has important applications in the industrial field and can prevent damage to important devices in production engineering, avoiding major production accidents.

2. Main sensitive components of pressure switch 2.1 Bellows

Features: It has better durability and vibration resistance than Bourdon tubes, with a large adjustable range of connection and disconnection differences. The main materials are stainless steel, phosphor bronze, etc. The price is relatively high, but the measurable pressure range is small, up to 40MPa (CB33) 2.2 diaphragm

Features: It has excellent corrosion resistance and is mainly made of materials such as NBR and fluororubber. Sensitive components such as CS and CL series are also used. The selection of pressure switch quick and easy automation is included. [1]

purpose

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There are two main types of pressure switches: mechanical and electronic.

The G&L electronic pressure switch amplifies pressure signals through high-precision instrument amplifiers, collects and processes data through high-speed MCUs, and compensates with built-in precision sensors. It is a high-precision device that detects pressure and liquid level signals, achieves pressure and liquid level monitoring and control. Widely used in automation systems for measuring gas and liquid pressure in chemical, mechanical, hydrological, electrical, environmental protection, and other fields. Due to its convenient and flexible adjustment, as well as simple installation, it can replace most situations where liquid level switches are used.

1. The core of the product adopts a new type of intelligent microprocessor chip, which has practical and stable functions.

2. LED displays the current pressure or liquid level value;

3. Pressure or liquid level can be set to start or stop according to one's own needs;

4. Four LED products with three units to choose from according to customer needs: Mpa, KG. F/CM2, PSI

5. High and low pressure or liquid level alarm points can be set and output to the control equipment through relays or optocouplers; Output dual relay (single pole double throw) switch quantity;

6. Two relays/two optocouplers/with 4-20mA/0-10V output selectable;

7. Adopting high-precision pressure sensors, with higher accuracy than mechanical pressure switches, less hysteresis, fast response, and stability; Adjusting without dead zone, the relay action pressure point can be set arbitrarily within the entire range;

8. Using buttons to adjust action pressure, easy to use and more flexible; Protection level: IP65, suitable for use in harsh environments;

technical parameters

Range: -100Kpa to 200MPa;

Power supply voltage: 12~35V DC (24V DC calibration voltage)/AC 220V AC power supply

Output relay capacity: 380V 3A, 220V 5A, 24V DC 5A, etc

Accuracy: better than various parameters such as 0.0.5% FS and 1% FS

Setting range: Full range range range can be set

Sampling rate: 10 times/second (can be customized according to customer requirements).

Interface thread: M20 * 1.5, G1/4, G1/2, 1/4NPT (can be customized according to customer needs)

Operating instructions

Digital pressure switch is an intelligent control instrument that integrates pressure measurement, display, and control. It has the characteristics of simple operation, good anti vibration performance, high control accuracy, and long service life.

Taking the MD-S910 intelligent pressure switch as an example:

1. Pressure display window

2. MPa unit indicator light

3. Kg/cm unit indicator light

4. PSI unit indicator light

5. Operation indicator light

6. Lower limit indicator light

7. Upper limit indicator light

8. Power indicator light

9. (ON/OFF) Run button

10. Number reduction key (▼)

11. Number increase key (▲)

12. Set SET key

13. Pressure installation port

settings

Key Definition Explanation

1. (ON/OFF) Run button: The system run button must be turned off when setting parameters, otherwise the settings cannot be made.

2. (SET) Setting button: Short press this button to enter the pressure upper and lower limit setting state, long press for 3 seconds to enter the system setting state.

3. Increase key (▲): Press the key once to increase the number by 0.01MPa, and press and hold for 2 seconds to increase the number by 0.1MPa.

4. Decrease button (▼): Press the button once to decrease the number by 0.01MPa, and press and hold for 2 seconds to decrease the number by 0.1MPa.

Operation Method

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1. Method for setting control pressure

(1) Short press the ON/OFF button to turn off the running indicator light and the pressure control system.

(2) Set control upper/lower limit

Short press the SET button once to enter the lower limit setting state (corresponding to the lower limit indicator light on), set the value through (▲) (▼), and after setting the lower limit, short press the SET button to enter the upper limit setting. The setting method is the same as above.

(3) After the setting is completed, press the SET button to automatically save the set values to the computer chip (if there is no button operation within 5 seconds after parameter modification, the current parameter settings will be automatically saved).

(4) Press the ON/OFF button again (corresponding to the running indicator light on), and the motor will start working.

2. Unit switching method: Short press the ON/OFF operation button to turn off the operation indicator light, and short press the increase button (▲) to switch units between MPa, Kg/cm, and PSI at will. After setting, turn on the running indicator light.

3. Zero position reset function: Short press the ON/OFF operation button to turn off the operation indicator light, and long press the decrease button (▼) for 5 seconds to reset the current pressure value and correct the zero position error. After setting, turn on the running indicator light. (When using this function, the pressure switch must not apply pressure.)

System Function Mode

Press and hold the SET button for 3 seconds to enter the system settings, then press and hold the SET button briefly to display the following functional modes in sequence.

After setting all functional modes, press the (ON/OFF) run button to automatically store the set values in the computer chip.

Functional Mode

Function Details

effect

Setup method

Power-On Self-Test

R001/ R000

Close/Open

Function activation: The relay remains closed for 1 minute after power on, and even if the pressure exceeds the upper set value, the relay will not open.

Prevent the motor from starting frequently due to sudden changes in pressure inside the pipe when the motor is just started.

After entering the system settings, use the increase key (▲)/decrease key (▼) to turn on or off the function, and underline it as the default function.

Automatic pressure detection

S000/S001

on

Function enabled: If the controller fails to detect any pressure changes for 3 minutes after the relay is closed, it will automatically disconnect the relay and display an alarm message of "E-1" on the screen.

To avoid motor idling caused by the measured pressure not reaching the set upper limit value for a long time due to water source drainage, pipeline leakage, etc.

After entering the system settings, use the increase key (▲)/decrease key (▼) to turn on or off the function.

Overpressure self check

N001/N000

Close/Open

Function activation: When the pressure exceeds (upper limit+0.1MPa), the relay is disconnected and the screen alarm displays "E-2". When the pressure falls below (upper limit+0.1MPa) again, the alarm is cancelled and the controller resumes operation.

Remind customers that there is pressure exceeding the control limit in the control system. Please check if there are any abnormalities in the system.

After entering the system settings, use the increase key (▲)/decrease key (▼) to turn on or off the function.

Control delay

H001/H000 close/open

Function enabled: When the pressure reaches the action point, the controller does not immediately act, but delays the action. The delay time can be set.

Setting a control delay can prevent the motor from frequently starting and damaging due to unstable pressure inside the pipe.

After switching H001 to H000, press the SET key briefly to display '0010'. Use the (▲) (▼) keys to change this value in seconds, which defaults to 10 seconds. Press the SET key to save the settings and pop up.

Parameter protection

P001/P000

Close/Open

Function activation: Press any key other than the (ON/OFF) run key, and the screen will display "----". At this time, you need to enter a password to set parameters such as upper and lower limits.

Protect the parameters set by engineering personnel from being modified.

When '---' is displayed, enter the password through the (▲) key, shift the SET key, and the password is' 1111 '. After short pressing the SET key to confirm, parameter settings can be made. After the system is restarted, it automatically enters the password protection function.

※ Function definition: "* 001" (mode off), "* 000" (mode on), underlined to indicate factory default mode

working principle

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The working principle of a pressure switch is that when the pressure inside the system is higher or lower than the rated safety pressure, the disc inside the sensor instantaneously moves, and the switch joint is connected or disconnected by the connecting guide rod. When the pressure drops to or rises to the rated recovery value, the disc instantly resets, and the switch automatically resets. In other words, when the measured pressure exceeds the rated value, the free end of the elastic element displacement, directly or after comparison, pushes the switch element to change the on/off state of the switch element, achieving the purpose of controlling the measured pressure. The elastic components used in pressure switches include single coil spring tubes, diaphragms, bellows, and corrugated tubes. [2]

Main Categories

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flameproof type

Pressure switches can be divided into explosion-proof and explosion-proof types, with a usage level range of Exd II CT1~T6. Imported explosion-proof pressure switches must pass international certifications such as UL, CSA, CE, etc. Can be used in explosive areas and environments with strong corrosive atmospheres. Explosion proof pressure switches can provide products with different pressure, differential pressure, vacuum, and temperature ranges. The common application scope includes industries such as electricity, petroleum, chemical, metallurgical, boiler, food machinery, environmental protection equipment, etc.

Mechanical type

Mechanical pressure switch, caused by pure mechanical deformation resulting in micro switch action. When the pressure increases, it acts on different sensing pressure components (diaphragm, bellows, piston) to deform and move upwards. Through mechanical structures such as railing springs, the micro switch at the upper end is finally activated to output electrical signals. The setting method of UE pressure switch can be divided into continuous displacement type and force balance type based on functional principles.

Electronic type

Another popular option in the market in recent years is electronic pressure switches, which are used to replace electric contact pressure gauges and in systems with high industrial control requirements. This pressure switch is equipped with a precision pressure sensor, which amplifies the pressure signal through a high-precision instrument amplifier and collects and processes the data through a high-speed MCU. Generally, it uses a 4-digit LED real-time digital pressure display, relay signal output, and upper and lower limit control points that can be freely set. It has low hysteresis, anti vibration, fast response, stability, and high accuracy (accuracy is generally within ± 0.5% F.S, and up to ± 0.2% F.S). The use of hysteresis setting can effectively protect the repeated actions caused by pressure fluctuations, protect the control equipment, and is a high-precision device for detecting pressure and liquid level signals, realizing pressure and liquid level monitoring and control. The characteristics are: intuitive electronic display screen, high precision, long service life, convenient setting of control points through the display screen, but relatively high price, requiring power supply.

In a process control system, the actuator consists of two parts: the actuator and the automatic control mechanism. The automatic adjustment mechanism directly changes the parameters of the production process through the execution of components, making the production process meet the predetermined requirements. The actuator receives control signals from the controller and converts them into outputs that drive the regulating mechanism (such as angular displacement or linear displacement outputs). It also uses appropriate actuating elements, but requires different requirements from the regulating mechanism. The actuator is directly installed on the production site, sometimes under harsh working conditions. Whether it can maintain normal operation directly affects the safety and performance of the automatic adjustment system.

structure

A device in automation control technology tools that receives control signals and applies control operation effects to controlled objects. The actuators are divided into three categories based on the driving energy used: pneumatic, electric, and hydraulic actuators.

classification

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(1) The actuators are divided into three types based on the driving energy used: pneumatic, electric, and hydraulic actuators.

(2) According to the form of output displacement, there are two types of actuators: angular and linear.

(3) According to the action rules, actuators can be divided into three types: switch type, integral type, and proportional type.

(4) According to the input control signal, the actuator can be divided into several types, such as air pressure signal, DC current signal, electrical connection disconnection signal, pulse signal, etc.

working principle

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At the gear stage, the engine speed can be transmitted to the output rod through two sets of gears. The main reducer is completed by planetary gears, and the auxiliary reducer is implemented by worm gears, which are fixed in the center position by a set of taut springs. In the event of overload, that is, when the output rod exceeds the set torque of the spring, the central worm gear will undergo axial displacement, and the switch and signal device will be fine tuned to provide protection for the system. Due to the coupling effect of external control lever manipulation, the output lever is coupled with the worm gear during engine operation and with the handwheel during manual operation. When the engine is not working, it is easy to disconnect the motor drive and simply press the control lever to connect the handwheel. Due to the priority of motor drive over manual operation, the engine will automatically reverse when restarted. This can avoid turning on the handwheel while the engine is running, which is beneficial for protecting the system.

Due to the direct coupling between the handwheel and the output rod, normal manual operation of the valve can be ensured in the event of internal gear failure or damage.

The switch and signal device installed on the gear is a sealed housing that protects its internal components to achieve the following functions:

Local or remote display of valve position

Overload protection for actuators/valves

Limit the range of valve travel

Electrical interface

The installation of actuators on different types of valves is completed through output rods, which can be applied to various existing valve stem configurations.

double-acting

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The selection of double acting actuators takes the DA series pneumatic actuator as an example. The output torque of a gear bar actuator is obtained by multiplying the piston pressure (supplied by the gas source pressure) by the pitch radius (force arm). And the friction resistance is low and the efficiency is high. The output torque is linear when rotating clockwise or counterclockwise. Under normal operating conditions, the recommended safety factor for double acting actuators is 25-50%

single-acting

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The selection of single acting actuators takes the SR series pneumatic actuator as an example. In the application of spring reset, the output torque is obtained in two different operation processes. According to the stroke position, each operation generates two different torque values. The output torque of the spring reset actuator is obtained by multiplying the force (air pressure or spring force) by the force arm. The first condition is that the output torque is obtained by compressing the spring in the middle chamber with air pressure, which is called the 'air stroke output torque'. In this case, the air source pressure forces the piston to turn from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. Due to the compression of the spring, a reactive force is generated, and the torque gradually decreases from the starting point until it reaches the second condition. The output torque is obtained by the spring restoring force acting on the piston when the middle chamber loses air, which is called the 'spring stroke output torque'. In this case, due to the extension of the spring, the output torque gradually decreases from 90 degrees to 0 degrees as described above. The single acting actuator is based on the two conditions. Designed based on a balanced torque.

Straight stroke valve

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1. Direct single seat valve

The so-called single seat refers to a valve body with only one valve core and one valve seat. Its characteristics are simple structure, small leakage (even breakable), and small allowable pressure difference. Therefore, it is suitable for situations where clean media with low leakage and small working pressure difference are required. Special attention should be paid to the allowable pressure difference in the application to prevent the valve from not closing properly.

2. Direct double seat valve

There are two valve cores and seats inside the valve body of the straight through dual seat regulating valve. Compared with single seat valves of the same caliber, its flow capacity is about 20% to 25% larger. Because the force exerted by the fluid on the upper and lower valve cores can cancel each other out, but the upper and lower valve cores are not easily closed at the same time, the double seat valve has the characteristics of allowing a large pressure difference and large leakage. Therefore, it is suitable for clean media with large pressure difference at both ends of the valve and low leakage requirements, but not suitable for high viscosity and fiber containing environments.

3. Angle valve

The valve body of the angle regulating valve is right angled, with a simple flow path and low force, suitable for controlling the flow rate of high pressure difference, high viscosity, suspended solids and granular materials. Generally used for bottom inlet and side outlet, this type of regulating valve has good stability. In high-pressure situations, in order to extend the service life of the valve core, side inlet and bottom outlet can be used, but oscillation is more likely to occur at small openings.

Angle stroke valve

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1. Butterfly valve

The baffle of the butterfly valve controls the flow of fluid by rotating the shaft. It consists of components such as valve body, baffle, baffle shaft, and shaft seal. Its structure is simple, small in size, light in weight, low in cost, and has a large flow capacity. It is particularly suitable for low-pressure, large-diameter, high flow gas, and fluid with suspended solids, but it has a large leakage rate. Its flow characteristics reach a turning angle of 70 degrees. The front and equal percentage characteristics are similar, but after 70 º, the operation is unstable and the characteristics are not good. Therefore, butterfly valves are usually used within the range of 0 º to 70 º angle. Butterfly valves are not only widely used in general industries such as petroleum, gas, chemical, and water treatment, but also in the cooling water system of thermal power plants.

2. Ball valve

Ball valve, defined in the standard GB/T21465-2008 "Valve Terminology", refers to a valve whose opening and closing member (ball) is driven by the valve stem and rotates around the axis of the valve stem. The ball valve has a 90 degree rotation action, and the plug body is a ball with a circular through-hole or channel passing through its axis. It is mainly used to cut off or connect media in pipelines, and can also be used for fluid regulation and control. Among them, the hard sealed V-shaped ball valve has a strong shear force between its V-shaped core and the metal valve seat welded with hard alloy, which is particularly suitable for media containing fibers, small solid particles, etc. The multi way ball valve on the pipeline can not only flexibly control the merging, splitting, and switching of the flow direction of the medium, but also close any channel to connect the other two channels. This type of valve should generally be installed horizontally in pipelines. Ball valve classification: pneumatic ball valve, electric ball valve, manual ball valve. Ball valves can be tightly closed with only a 90 degree rotation and a small rotational torque. Ball valves are suitable for use as switches and shut-off valves, with V-shaped ball valves. In industrialized countries in the West, the use of ball valves is increasing year by year. In China, ball valves are widely used in industries such as petroleum refining, long-distance pipelines, chemical engineering, papermaking, pharmaceuticals, water conservancy, power, municipal engineering, and steel, occupying a leading position in the national economy.

3. Cam deflection valve

Cam deflection valve, also known as eccentric rotary valve, is a new type of regulating valve structure. The centerline of its spherical valve core deviates from the center of the rotating shaft, which drives the valve core to rotate eccentrically, causing the valve core to enter the valve seat forward and downward.

Eccentric rotary valves have the advantages of small volume, light weight, easy use and maintenance, strong universality, and low fluid resistance. They are suitable for applications with high viscosity and have good performance in fluids such as lime and mud.

advantage

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By applying CRM systems, actuator enterprises can establish efficient, flexible, and integrated marketing information platforms, achieve the following goals, and help enterprises gain advantages in fierce market competition:

>1. Comprehensively and effectively manage customer information resources and market competition information;

>2. Master every detail in sales, including opportunity leads, procurement, sales, contracts, expenses, services, and care;

>Multi angle analysis of customers, sales, and accounts receivable provides a basis for decision-making;

>4. The new service care management concept runs through pre-sales, in sales, and after-sales;

>5. All staff achieve collaborative office, information sharing, and centralized document management

>6. The customer relationship management system enables salespeople to conveniently and quickly manage customers, record detailed customer information, and avoid the hassle of searching for traditional notebooks every day; The system will remind salespeople to do what they should do today every day; At the same time, it is convenient to determine the customer type, facilitate the tracking of important customers, and improve work efficiency.

>7. The sales employee management system can record sales personnel's contact business records and event records, detailing the entire sales process, facilitating the enterprise to grasp all customer information. At the same time, leaders can guide sales personnel's sales process at any time, adjust sales in a timely manner, and promote sales. Implementing unified management of sales personnel in all sales outlets facilitates leadership in employee assessment and ensures that customer information is not lost due to employee turnover.

>8. The customer service management system can record and track the work of the customer service department throughout the process, and customer service personnel can transfer and collaborate tasks through the system. Through the system, customer service departments across the company can organically coordinate tasks, and even in different locations, they can receive tasks and achieve collaboration in a short period of time, fulfilling the promise of "24-hour service in place".

The above briefly analyzes several typical aspects of actuator CRM applications. When facing the production material market or the life material market, manufacturing products such as systems/equipment/components, finished products/rough processed products, drugs/food/beverages, durable goods/fast-moving consumables, etc. have different business models and adopt different strategies and methods. If your enterprise belongs to the manufacturing industry and your business organization (sales, service, marketing) implements CRM management.

control screen

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The main purpose of the control screen is to distribute the electrical energy output by the generator to user loads or electrical equipment, while also indicating the operation of the diesel generator and maintaining voltage stability of the generator under load changes. On the control panel, there are usually voltage meters, frequency meters, current meters, power meters, three-phase current conversion switches, three-phase voltage conversion switches, voltage setting knobs, and various indicator lights. For components such as oil pressure gauge, oil temperature gauge, battery charging ammeter, water temperature gauge, start button, and start lock, some are directly installed on the control panel according to design requirements, while others are installed on the diesel engine dashboard. The components installed inside the control panel are mainly related to the excitation method used by the generator and the automatic control of the diesel engine. The internal structure of the control panel for diesel generator sets.

Simple control screens are usually equipped with components such as voltage regulators, silicon rectifier diodes, variable resistors, automatic air switches, and current transformers. More complex control screens also require overload and short-circuit protection devices, electronic speed controllers, thyristors, relays, various safety devices, and small transformers.

application field

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Electric actuators are mainly applied in the following three fields

1. Power plant

Typical applications include:

① Application in thermal power industry

Supply fan damper, primary inlet damper, air preheating damper, flue gas recirculation bypass damper, secondary inlet damper, main air box damper, burner control rod, burner swing driver, hydraulic push rod driver, turbine speed control, flue gas control valve, steam control valve, ball valve and butterfly valve control, sliding door gate

② Application of valve actuators in other power industries

Ball valve dust removal control, water jet turbine speed control, large hydraulic valve, gas control valve, burner ignition start, steam control valve, condensate water recirculation, deoxidizer, boiler feedwater, overheat controller, reheating constant temperature controller, and other related valve applications

2. Process control

Used for production process control in industries such as chemical, petrochemical, mold, food, medicine, packaging, etc., precise positioning, start stop, opening and closing, and rotation of valves, cutting tools, pipelines, baffles, chutes, platforms, etc. are carried out according to established logical instructions or computer programs. Real time parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, size, radiation, brightness, chromaticity, roughness, density, etc. detected by the system are used to adjust the system, thereby achieving intermittent, continuous, and cyclic processing control.

3. Industrial automation

Used in a wide range of aviation, aerospace, military, machinery, metallurgy, mining, transportation, building materials, etc., to adjust and control the motion points (moving parts) of various automation equipment and systems in various forms.

The main applications of process control and industrial automation are as follows:

① Application in sulfur ore production

Water injection flow control ball valve and disc valve control

② Application of potassium carbonate pipeline valve actuator

Sliding Gate Diverter Gate Ball Valve and Butterfly Valve Ball Control Valve

③ Application of water treatment valve actuators

Flow rate control, pressure regulating valve, acid solution flow control

④ Application of valve actuators in limestone/cement plants

Ball or butterfly valve control for processing dry cement, gypsum, or liquid air supply and induced draft fan adjustment type air damper bypass air damper environmental pollution control and dust removal device sliding door for logistics control of raw materials in hoppers and storage warehouses gate control of raw material flow at the feed inlet gas control valve regulation of burner intake on the converter steam control valve for controlling the required steam in the production process

⑤ Application of actuators in grain processing plants

Gate diversion valve distributor material unloader/heater dust isolation baffle airflow control (logistics drying) ball valve and butterfly valve control

⑥ Application of steel mill air damper and valve actuator

Ball or butterfly valve control controls cooling water, wastewater, or other cooling media, regulates air supply and induced draft fan bypass air damper gate, environmental pollution control and dust removal device, sliding door controls the flow rate of raw materials at the feed inlet, controls the logistics of raw materials in the hopper and storage warehouse, gas control valve, steam control valve regulates the inlet air flow of the burner on the converter, and controls the steam required for the production process

⑦ Application of air door baffles and valve actuators in aluminum plants

Supply fan damper, primary inlet damper, air preheating damper, flue gas recirculation bypass damper, secondary inlet damper, main air box damper, burner control rod, burner swing driver, hydraulic push rod driver, turbine speed control, flue gas control valve, steam control valve, ball valve and butterfly valve control, sliding door gate

⑧ Application of process control baffle

Emergency shutdown of air supplement exhaust fan bypass hot/cold air mixture

⑨ Application in the petroleum industry

Oil injection process flow control gas lift pipeline main valve pressure control water injection process flow control oil well oil quality sampling test/production valve

⑩ Application in natural gas production and transportation industry

Gas lift flow control, gas pipeline main valve pressure control, compressor surge control, natural gas pressure control, natural gas pipeline main valve pressure control, emergency shutdown, natural gas regulator control, pressure control, compressor surge control, flow control

Comparison of pneumatic, electric, and hydraulic actuators

The actuators used for regulating valves are mainly pneumatic, electric, and hydraulic (electro-hydraulic), each with its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of performance. They will be described below.

1. Pneumatic actuators: Most of the actuators used in industrial control applications today are pneumatic actuators because they use air sources as power. Compared to electric and hydraulic actuators, pneumatic actuators are more economical, have a simple structure, and are easy to control and maintain. From a maintenance perspective, pneumatic actuators are easier to operate and calibrate than other types of actuators, and can also be easily interchanged in the field. Its major advantage is safety. When using a locator, it is ideal for flammable and explosive environments, while if the electrical signal is not explosion-proof or inherently safe, there is a potential risk of fire caused by ignition. So the application range of electric control valves is becoming increasingly wide. However, in the field of chemical engineering, pneumatic control valves still have an absolute market advantage.

The main disadvantages of pneumatic actuators are slow response, poor control accuracy, and poor resistance to deviation. This is due to the compressibility of gases, especially when using large pneumatic actuators, which require time for air to fill and empty the cylinder. But this should not be a problem, as many operating conditions do not require high control accuracy, extremely fast response, and anti deviation ability.

2. Electric actuator: Electric actuators are mainly used in power plants or nuclear power plants because a smooth, stable, and slow process is required in high-pressure water systems. The main advantages of electric actuators are high stability and user applicable constant thrust. The thrust generated by large actuators can reach up to 225000kgf, and only hydraulic actuators can achieve such a large thrust. However, the cost of hydraulic actuators is much higher than that of electric actuators. The anti deviation ability of electric actuators is very good, and the output thrust or torque is basically constant, which can effectively overcome the unbalanced force of the medium and achieve accurate control of process parameters. Therefore, the control accuracy is higher than that of pneumatic actuators. If equipped with a servo amplifier, it is easy to achieve the exchange of positive and negative effects, and it is also easy to set the cut-off signal valve position state (hold/fully open/fully closed). In case of a fault, it must stay in its original position, which pneumatic actuators cannot do. Pneumatic actuators must rely on a combination protection system to achieve position protection.

The main disadvantages of electric actuators are: complex structure, more prone to failure, and due to its complexity, the technical requirements for on-site maintenance personnel are relatively higher; The operation of the motor generates heat. If the adjustment is too frequent, it can easily cause the motor to overheat, resulting in thermal protection and increasing wear on the reduction gear; In addition, it runs slowly, taking a long time from the regulator outputting a signal to the regulating valve responding and moving to the corresponding position. This is where it is inferior to pneumatic and hydraulic actuators.

3. Hydraulic actuator: When abnormal anti deviation ability, high thrust, and fast formation speed are required, we often choose hydraulic or electro-hydraulic actuators. Due to the incompressibility of liquids, the advantage of using hydraulic actuators is their superior anti deviation ability, which is important for regulating operating conditions. When the regulating element approaches the valve seat, the flow condition is unstable, and the larger the pressure difference, the more severe this situation becomes. In addition, the hydraulic actuator operates very smoothly and responds quickly, enabling high-precision control. Electro hydraulic actuators integrate motors, oil pumps, and electro-hydraulic servo valves into one unit, which can work as long as the power supply and control signals are connected. Hydraulic actuators are similar to cylinders, but can withstand higher pressures than cylinders. Their operation requires an external hydraulic system, and factories need to be equipped with hydraulic stations and oil pipelines. In contrast, electro-hydraulic actuators are more convenient.

The main disadvantage of hydraulic actuators is that they are expensive, bulky, and require specialized engineering. Therefore, most of them are used in special situations such as power plants and petrochemicals.