Transformer paper volume surface resistivity tester

Transformer paper volume surface resistivity testerThe instrument is an insulation resistance tester controlled by a high-performance microprocessor. Seven range testing, with continuously adjustable output voltage, capable of testing resistors ranging from 500 Ω to 9.9P Ω, displaying 99999 numbers, and a testing speed of up to 5 times per second. The instrument has professional sorting function, with 10 sets of stored data settings, diverse sorting sound settings, equipped with Handler interface, and is used in automatic sorting systems to complete fully automatic assembly line testing. Built in RS232 interface and LAN interface, used for remote control and data acquisition and analysis.

Transformer paper volume surface resistivity testerComputer remote control instructions are compatible with SCPI (Standard Command for Programmable Instrument), efficiently completing remote control and data acquisition functions. The instrument can measure the insulation resistance and leakage current of various electronic components, equipment, dielectric materials, and wires and cables; The matching electrode box can test the surface resistance and volume resistivity of materials.

meet the standard

GB/T 1410-2006 "Test Method for Volume and Surface resistivity of Solid Insulation Materials"

ASTM D257-99 "Test Method for DC Resistance or Conductivity of Insulation Materials"

GB/T 1410-2006 Solid insulation materials - Test methods for volume resistivity and surface resistivity

GB1672-8 Determination of volume resistivity of liquid plasticizers

GB 12014 Anti static Work Clothes

GB/T 20991-2007 Test Methods for Personal Protective Equipment Shoes

GB 4385-1995 Technical Requirements for Anti static Shoes and Conductive Shoes

GB 12158-2006 General Guidelines for Preventing Static Electricity Accidents

GB 4655-2003 Safety Regulations for Static Electricity in Rubber Industry

GB/T 1692-2008 Determination of Insulation Resistance of Vulcanized Rubber

GB/T 12703.6-2010 Evaluation of Electrostatic Properties of Textiles Part 6 Fiber Leakage Resistance

GB 13348-2009 Safety Regulations for Static Electricity of Liquid Petroleum Products

GB/T 15738-2008 Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Conductive and Antistatic Fiber Reinforced Plastics

GB/T 18044-2008 Carpet Static Behavior Evaluation Method Walking Test

GB/T 18864-2002 Limits of electrical resistance for antistatic and conductive products used in vulcanized rubber industry

GB/T 22042-2008 Test method for surface resistivity of anti-static performance of clothing

GB/T 22043-2008 Test Method for Antistatic Performance of Clothing by Resistance (Vertical Resistance) of Materials

GB/T 24249-2009 Anti static Clean Fabric

GB 26539-2011 Antistatic Ceramic Tile

GB/T 26825-2011 Anti static and Anti corrosion Adhesive

GB 50515-2010 Code for Design of Conductive (Anti static) Grounds

GB 50611-2010 Code for Design of Anti static Electrical Engineering for Electronic Engineering

GJB 105-1998-Z Electronic Product Anti static Discharge Control Manual

GJB 3007A-2009 Technical Requirements for Anti static Working Areas

GJB 5104-2004 General Requirements for Anti static Coatings and Static Performance of Radio Fuze Wind Hats

Overview

Insulation resistance tester controlled by high-performance microprocessor. The output voltage can be continuously adjusted from 1-1000v, and it can test the direct display resistance/resistivity from 5 * 102 Ω to 1 * 1016 Ω (beyond the display current, it can be converted to power 20), display 99999 numbers, and the testing speed can reach 5 times/second.

The instrument has professional sorting function, with 10 sets of settings for storing data and various sorting sound settings,

Equipped with a Handler interface, applied to the automatic sorting system to complete fully automated pipeline testing. Built in RS232

Interface and LAN interface, used for remote control and data collection and analysis.

Computer remote control instructions are compatible with SCPI (Standard Command for Programmable Instrument), efficiently completing remote control and data acquisition functions

High insulation resistance measuring instrument is used to measure the insulation resistance of insulation materials, electrical products, and various components; After being matched with a constant temperature water bath, the instrument can also measure the insulation resistance of plastic wires and cables (without shielding layer) at different temperatures. The instrument has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, stable performance, simple operation, and high voltage short circuit at the input end. The instrument's range is beyond the 16th power, and the displayed current can be converted to the 20th power resistance value (test voltage is 1-1000V). This instrument complies with the enterprise standard Q/TPGG 7-2008 for high insulation resistance measuring instruments.

Instrument features:

Automatic scanning with memory setting, voltage memory function, one click startup, result display, resistance and resistivity

Remote video verification can be done by pressing the American Agilent button for comparison, with a one click result accuracy of up to 1%. Gree is Huawei's choice

This product has a basic accuracy of up to 1% and supports testing by any metrology institute in the country without the need for personnel to come to the site for one-time inspection. It not only meets the requirements of calibration reports but also appraisal reports

2、 Main parameters

The display adopts a 4.3-inch high-resolution TFT screen, which is easy to operate

• Compact body, powerful testing performance

Read back voltage accuracy of 0.5% ± 1V

Insulation resistance accuracy 1% rapid test

Small testing cycle only requires 200ms constant voltage test

Using constant voltage testing method to quickly measure insulation resistance with rich interface configurations

• Handler mouth

RS-232 interface

Ethernet interface

USB interface

• Can connect to upper computer software for operation

power supply

110v~240V dual-mode power supply

• Power frequency 47Hz~63Hz

• Power consumption of 50W

3、 Technical indicators

parameter

General functions:

Measurement parameters include insulation resistance R, leakage current I, surface resistance Rs, and volume resistance Rv

Test voltage 1-1000v, adjustable in 1000 gears

The test range of resistance is 102 Ω~10 16 Ω, which basically covers the resistance measurement of semiconducting materials and super insulating materials (beyond the displayed current, it can be converted to the power of 20), and the resistivity can reach 1022 Ω. cm

Measurement methods: manual/automatic

Interface language selection: English/Chinese

Display digits: 4/5 digits with two options

Measurement modes: three types

The testing speed can be selected as fast 5 times/second or slow 1 time/second, two options are available

Readback voltage accuracy 0.5% ± 1V

Test feature: Equipped with setting memory function, one click power on test results can be obtained without repeated settings

Measurement delay and discharge delay can be set

Ten custom measurement modes can be edited by users themselves, and can be directly accessed upon startup to meet the testing needs of different materials

Range over limit display shows range over limit and range under limit

Input terminal banana plug, BNC plug

The accuracy guarantee period is 1 year. According to the validity period of the measurement certificate, the accuracy guarantee can be tested at any testing center nationwide

Operating temperature and humidity: 0 ℃ to 40 ℃, below 80% RH (no condensation)

Storage temperature and humidity -10 ℃ to 60 ℃ below 80% RH (no condensation)

Operating environment indoor, altitude 2000m

Power supply voltage: 110V/220V AC frequency: 47Hz/63Hz two power supply modes

Power consumption 50 W

Size approximately 331 mm x 329 mm x 80 mm

Weight approximately 4.1kg

Standard configuration:

1. 1 testing instrument

2. 1 power cord

3. Test electrode 1 set

4. 1 copy of user manual

5. Test host 1 unit

6. 1 copy of factory test report

7. 1 upper computer connection cable

8. 1 shielding box

9. Test clip 1 set

10. One set of 232 data serial port components

Analysis of Accuracy and Measurement Range of Surface Volume Resistance Tester

1、 Core measurement range

Resistance measurement range

Basic range: Mainstream devices cover from 1 × 10 ⁴ Ω to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ Ω, and can support higher resistance (such as power 20) through range extension technology.

Segmented scenarios:

Anti static material: 1 × 10 ⁶ Ω to 1 × 10 ¹² Ω (three electrode method);

Insulation material: 1 × 10 ¹² Ω to 1 × 10 ¹⁶ Ω (four electrode method);

Semiconductor/Metal: 0.01 × 10 ⁴ Ω to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ Ω (non-contact measurement).

Current sensitivity

The microcurrent detection capability reaches 0.01pA (1 × 10 ⁻¹⁴ A), supporting leakage current capture of high resistance materials.

Dynamic current range: 2 × 10 ⁻⁴ A to 1 × 10 ⁻¹⁶ A, suitable for full spectrum testing requirements from conductors to insulators.

Test voltage adaptation

The voltage regulation range is 1V to 1500V (customizable), with a typical test voltage of 10V/50V/100V/250V/500V/1000V in six gears.

High voltage (≥ 500V) is suitable for thick insulation materials, while low voltage (≤ 100V) is used for thin film/nano coatings to reduce the risk of breakdown.

2、 Accuracy level and error control

Basic accuracy

Conventional range (10 ⁴ Ω to 10 ¹² Ω): error ≤ 1%, optimized through automatic range switching technology;

High resistance range (10 ¹² Ω to 10 ¹⁸ Ω): error ≤ 5% (some models can reach ± 0.8%);

High resistance (>10 ¹⁸ Ω): The error can be expanded to 10%~20%, and it needs to be used in a shielded environment.

Precision improvement technology

Temperature compensation algorithm: Real time calibration of the impact of environmental temperature (0 ℃~40 ℃) on resistivity, reducing errors by 30%;

Triple coaxial shielding design: electromagnetic interference, ensuring stability of p microcurrent (fluctuation<0.5%);

Dual display mode: synchronized display of resistance and current values, cross validation of data reliability

Characteristic analysis of surface volume resistivity tester with high temperature and intelligent functions

1、 High temperature testing capability

Temperature control range

The typical high temperature testing range covers room temperature to 900 ℃. The system combines a high temperature test chamber with four terminal measurement method to achieve continuous monitoring of the resistivity of conductor materials at high temperatures.

When testing insulation materials, the temperature control system supports temperature stability with an accuracy of ± 1 ℃, which is suitable for performance evaluation of materials such as ceramics and silicone rubber.

High temperature electrode adaptability

Using platinum or tungsten steel electrode materials, it has excellent oxidation resistance and can maintain contact resistance fluctuations of<5% at 500 ℃ environment.

The specially designed vacuum adsorption device avoids bubble interference between the sample and electrode at high temperatures.

2、 Intelligent functional features

Automated measurement and data analysis

Equipped with a 7-inch color touch screen, supporting infinite adjustment of test voltage (10V-1000V), and displaying real-time parameter curves such as resistance, current, temperature, etc.

The adaptive range switching technology can automatically match the optimal range within the range of 1 × 10 ⁴ Ω to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ Ω, reducing manual intervention.

Intelligent Algorithms and Data Management

Separate the volume current and surface current through a three electrode system, and synchronously calculate the two resistivity values with an error of less than 1%.

The built-in USB interface supports data export, and the accompanying software can generate PDF reports and analyze the temperature resistivity change pattern.

3、 Core hardware configuration

High precision sensor: Integrated temperature and humidity sensor, real-time compensation for the impact of environmental parameters on testing.

Low noise signal processing: Adopting a three coaxial shielded cable design, electromagnetic interference ensures the stability of p microcurrent measurement.

Modular electrode system: supports rapid replacement of flat, tubular, and flexible material electrodes, suitable for samples with diameters ranging from Φ 20 to Φ 100mm.

4、 Typical application scenarios

Degradation analysis of volume resistivity of high-temperature insulation materials such as mica and resin based composite materials at 200-800 ℃.

Semiconductor materials: Detection of conductivity characteristics of silicon wafers in high temperature environments (≤ 900 ℃).

Anti static material: Dynamic monitoring of surface resistivity of anti-static plastic/rubber products (within the range of 10 ⁶ -10 ¹² Ω).

5、 Selection suggestions

Laboratory level equipment: Priority should be given to the BEST-1000 model (compliant with IEC 62631 standard), which supports full temperature range testing of composite materials.

Industrial testing scenario: Equipped with automatic range switching and anti-interference design, suitable for rapid testing on production lines.

Research requirements: System adaptation for customized electrodes and secondary software development to meet in-depth analysis of special materials.

Note: The above technical parameters and selection are based on comprehensive standards such as GB/T 31838 and IEC 62631. The voltage range and temperature range need to be matched according to actual testing requirements.

The influence of the same electrode on the surface volume resistivity test results is mainly reflected in the differences in electrode structure, contact mode, and measurement principle, which can be divided into the following categories:

1、 Differences in electrode types

Two probe method vs four probe method

The resistance measured by the two probe method includes electrode contact resistance and material body resistance, and there is a significant error for high resistance materials (such as pole pieces). For example, in a positive pole piece test, the resistivity of the two probe method was as high as 1444.94 Ω· cm, while the four probe method was only 2.1 × 10 ⁻⁶Ω· cm, with a difference of six orders of magnitude.

The four probe method effectively eliminates the influence of contact resistance by separating current and voltage electrodes, and is suitable for measuring semiconductors or highly conductive materials such as aluminum foil and copper foil.

Parallel electrode vs circular electrode

Parallel electrodes are susceptible to edge electric field distortion, leading to fluctuations in surface resistance measurements (such as anti-static materials with uneven distribution of conductive fillers);

Ring electrodes (such as three electrode systems) improve the accuracy of volume resistance measurement by introducing protective electrodes to shield edge leakage currents.

2、 Influence of electrode contact state

Contact pressure and area

Insufficient electrode pressure (<5MPa) can lead to an increase in contact resistance. For example, in electrode testing, when the pressure is increased from 5MPa to 60MPa, the resistivity decreases by about 40%; The tubular sample must ensure that the electrode covers a circumference of ≥ 90%, otherwise the leakage area will significantly interfere with the measurement results.

Conductive layer processing method

When copper foil electrodes are prepared by etching method, the edge flatness is better than coating conductive silver paint (thickness ≤ 50 μ m), and the contact resistance fluctuation can be reduced by more than 50%;

If vacuum adsorption electrodes are not used for nano coating samples, interface bubbles will cause a deviation of more than 20% in the measured resistance value.

3、 Differences in electrode geometric parameters

Electrode spacing and size

Small spacing electrodes (such as 14mm diameter) are sensitive to local defects and suitable for detecting material uniformity;

Large sized electrodes (such as those with a diameter of 100mm) can average the fluctuations in the internal conductive network of the material and reduce measurement variability.

Matching of electrode materials

When testing semiconductor materials, tungsten steel electrodes have better work function matching than copper electrodes, and surface resistance measurement errors can be reduced by 15%;

In high-temperature testing, the oxidation resistance of platinum electrodes is better than that of silver electrodes, and the long-term stability is increased by more than three times.

4、 Special scenario impact

Dynamic measurement interference

When measuring large capacity devices (such as transformer windings) repeatedly, residual charges can cause the secondary measurement value to be falsely high, and full discharge is required before retesting;

Under high humidity conditions (RH>60%), oxidation or water film formation on the electrode surface can cause a drift in contact resistance exceeding 30%.

Composite structure adaptability

Layered composite materials require the use of stepwise pressure electrodes to simultaneously measure interlayer contact resistance (error<5%);

Flexible material testing requires the use of elastic electrodes to avoid microstructural deformation caused by rigid electrode compression.

Summary and Suggestions

When selecting electrodes, priority should be given to:

The four probe method is used for high-precision semiconductor/metal measurement;

The three electrode system is used for detecting the volume resistance of insulation materials;

Elastic/vacuum adsorption electrode compatible with flexible/nano materials;

Matching electrode materials to reduce contact potential difference

The transformer paper insulation resistance tester is a professional equipment used to evaluate the performance of paper insulation materials inside transformers. Its testing must follow specific standards and operating procedures. The following are the comprehensive technical points:

1、 Instrument technical parameters

Output voltage level
Select the corresponding tester based on the voltage level of the transformer. Common voltage levels include 500V, 1000V, 2500V, 5000V, and 10KV. For example:

It is recommended to use a 10KV gear tester for 10KV transformers to achieve high-precision measurement. Supports three outputs of 2500V/5000V/10000V, covering a range of 0-400G Ω.

Core functions and precision

Support absorption ratio and polarization index measurement, with absorption ratio ≥ 1.3 times to determine insulation performance.

The high-precision measurement range can reach 0.01M Ω~1000G Ω, supporting 10KV high voltage and polarization index testing.

Portability and Security

Designed for both AC and DC use, with a built-in rechargeable battery to meet the needs of field operations.

Equipped with high-voltage warning sound and anti short circuit protection function to ensure safe operation.

2、 Test operation process

Preprocessing and wiring

Power off and discharge: Before testing, it is necessary to cut off the power supply of the transformer and fully discharge the winding and shell.

Wiring method:

High voltage side measurement: Short circuit the primary winding (1U, 1V, 1W) to the "L" end, short-circuit the secondary winding and ground to the "E" end, and use the "G" end if necessary to reduce surface leakage effects.

Low voltage side measurement: Short circuit the secondary winding (2U, 2V, 2W, N) to the "L" end, and connect the primary winding and ground to the "E" end.

Measurement and recording

Start the tester (such as pressing the VSEL key to adjust the voltage to the target gear), read the insulation resistance values for 15 seconds (R15) and 60 seconds (R60), and calculate the absorption ratio.

Data storage: The BEST-380 model supports automatic saving of test results for subsequent analysis.

Result judgment

Qualification criteria:

The insulation resistance value measured this time shall not be less than 50% of the previous measurement value (converted to the same temperature).

Absorption ratio ≥ 1.3 (10-30 ℃ environment). ‌

Precautions

Environmental requirements: During testing, it is necessary to ensure that there are no grounding objects around the transformer, and the temperature range is usually -20 ℃ to 60 ℃.

Instrument maintenance: Regularly check the battery capacity and avoid long-term storage in low temperature or humid environments.

Safety regulations: Do not touch the test line during high-voltage startup, and discharge to ground after measurement.

Through the above process and equipment selection, the insulation resistance performance of transformer paper can be systematically evaluated to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

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