Capacitor paper insulation resistance tester

Capacitor paper insulation resistance testermeet the standard

GB/T 1410-2006 "Test Method for Volume and Surface resistivity of Solid Insulation Materials"

ASTM D257-99 "Test Method for DC Resistance or Conductivity of Insulation Materials"

GB/T 1410-2006 Solid insulation materials - Test methods for volume resistivity and surface resistivity

GB1672-8 Determination of volume resistivity of liquid plasticizers

GB 12014 Anti static Work Clothes

GB/T 20991-2007 Test Methods for Personal Protective Equipment Shoes

GB 4385-1995 Technical Requirements for Anti static Shoes and Conductive Shoes

GB 12158-2006 General Guidelines for Preventing Static Electricity Accidents

GB 4655-2003 Safety Regulations for Static Electricity in Rubber Industry

GB/T 1692-2008 Determination of Insulation Resistance of Vulcanized Rubber

GB/T 12703.6-2010 Evaluation of Electrostatic Properties of Textiles Part 6 Fiber Leakage Resistance

GB 13348-2009 Safety Regulations for Static Electricity of Liquid Petroleum Products

GB/T 15738-2008 Test Method for Electrical Resistance of Conductive and Antistatic Fiber Reinforced Plastics

GB/T 18044-2008 Carpet Static Behavior Evaluation Method Walking Test

GB/T 18864-2002 Limits of electrical resistance for antistatic and conductive products used in vulcanized rubber industry

GB/T 22042-2008 Test method for surface resistivity of anti-static performance of clothing

GB/T 22043-2008 Test Method for Antistatic Performance of Clothing by Resistance (Vertical Resistance) of Materials

GB/T 24249-2009 Anti static Clean Fabric

GB 26539-2011 Antistatic Ceramic Tile

GB/T 26825-2011 Anti static and Anti corrosion Adhesive

GB 50515-2010 Code for Design of Conductive (Anti static) Grounds

GB 50611-2010 Code for Design of Anti static Electrical Engineering for Electronic Engineering

GJB 105-1998-Z Electronic Product Anti static Discharge Control Manual

GJB 3007A-2009 Technical Requirements for Anti static Working Areas

GJB 5104-2004 General Requirements for Anti static Coatings and Static Performance of Radio Fuze Wind Hats

Capacitor paper insulation resistance testerThe instrument is an insulation resistance tester controlled by a high-performance microprocessor. Seven range testing, with continuously adjustable output voltage, capable of testing resistors ranging from 500 Ω to 9.9P Ω, displaying 99999 numbers, and a testing speed of up to 5 times per second.

The instrument has professional sorting function, with 10 sets of stored data settings, diverse sorting sound settings, equipped with Handler interface, and is used in automatic sorting systems to complete fully automatic assembly line testing. Built in RS232 interface and LAN interface, used for remote control and data acquisition and analysis.

Computer remote control instructions are compatible with SCPI (Standard Command for Programmable Instrument), efficiently completing remote control and data acquisition functions.

The instrument can measure the insulation resistance and leakage current of various electronic components, equipment, dielectric materials, and wires and cables; The matching electrode box can test the surface resistance and volume resistivity of materials.

Insulation resistance tester controlled by high-performance microprocessor. The output voltage can be continuously adjusted from 1-1000v, and it can test the direct display resistance/resistivity from 5 * 102 Ω to 1 * 1016 Ω (beyond the display current, it can be converted to power 20), display 99999 numbers, and the testing speed can reach 5 times/second.

The instrument has professional sorting function, with 10 sets of settings for storing data and various sorting sound settings,

Equipped with a Handler interface, applied to the automatic sorting system to complete fully automated pipeline testing. Built in RS232

Interface and LAN interface, used for remote control and data collection and analysis.

Computer remote control instructions are compatible with SCPI (Standard Command for Programmable Instrument), efficiently completing remote control and data acquisition functions

High insulation resistance measuring instrument is used to measure the insulation resistance of insulation materials, electrical products, and various components; After being matched with a constant temperature water bath, the instrument can also measure the insulation resistance of plastic wires and cables (without shielding layer) at different temperatures. The instrument has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, stable performance, simple operation, and high voltage short circuit at the input end. The instrument's range is beyond the 16th power, and the displayed current can be converted to the 20th power resistance value (test voltage is 1-1000V). This instrument complies with the enterprise standard Q/TPGG 7-2008 for high insulation resistance measuring instruments.

Instrument features:

Automatic scanning with memory setting, voltage memory function, one click startup, result display, resistance and resistivity

Remote video verification can be done by pressing the American Agilent button for comparison, with a one click result accuracy of up to 1%. Gree is Huawei's choice

This product has a basic accuracy of up to 1% and supports testing by any metrology institute in the country without the need for personnel to come to the site for one-time inspection. It not only meets the requirements of calibration reports but also appraisal reports

Main parameters

The display adopts a 4.3-inch high-resolution TFT screen, which is easy to operate

• Compact body, powerful testing performance

Read back voltage accuracy of 0.5% ± 1V

Insulation resistance accuracy 1% rapid test

Small testing cycle only requires 200ms constant voltage test

Using constant voltage testing method to quickly measure insulation resistance with rich interface configurations

• Handler mouth

RS-232 interface

Ethernet interface

USB interface

• Can connect to upper computer software for operation

power supply

110v~240V dual-mode power supply

• Power frequency 47Hz~63Hz

• Power consumption of 50W

General functions:

Measurement parameters include insulation resistance R, leakage current I, surface resistance Rs, and volume resistance Rv

Test voltage 1-1000v, adjustable in 1000 gears

The test range of resistance is 102 Ω~10 16 Ω, which basically covers the resistance measurement of semiconducting materials and super insulating materials (beyond the displayed current, it can be converted to the power of 20), and the resistivity can reach 1022 Ω. cm

Measurement methods: manual/automatic

Interface language selection: English/Chinese

Display digits: 4/5 digits with two options

Measurement modes: three types

The testing speed can be selected as fast 5 times/second or slow 1 time/second, two options are available

Readback voltage accuracy 0.5% ± 1V

Test feature: Equipped with setting memory function, one click power on test results can be obtained without repeated settings

Measurement delay and discharge delay can be set

Ten custom measurement modes can be edited by users themselves, and can be directly accessed upon startup to meet the testing needs of different materials

Range over limit display shows range over limit and range under limit

Input terminal banana plug, BNC plug

The accuracy guarantee period is 1 year. According to the validity period of the measurement certificate, the accuracy guarantee can be tested at any testing center nationwide

Operating temperature and humidity: 0 ℃ to 40 ℃, below 80% RH (no condensation)

Storage temperature and humidity -10 ℃ to 60 ℃ below 80% RH (no condensation)

Operating environment indoor, altitude 2000m

Power supply voltage: 110V/220V AC frequency: 47Hz/63Hz two power supply modes

Power consumption 50 W

Size approximately 331 mm x 329 mm x 80 mm

Weight approximately 4.1kg

Analysis of Accuracy and Measurement Range of Surface Volume Resistance Tester

1、 Core measurement range

Resistance measurement range

Basic range: Mainstream devices cover from 1 × 10 ⁴ Ω to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ Ω, and can support higher resistance (such as power 20) through range extension technology.

Segmented scenarios:

Anti static material: 1 × 10 ⁶ Ω to 1 × 10 ¹² Ω (three electrode method);

Insulation material: 1 × 10 ¹² Ω to 1 × 10 ¹⁶ Ω (four electrode method);

Semiconductor/Metal: 0.01 × 10 ⁴ Ω to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ Ω (non-contact measurement).

Current sensitivity

The microcurrent detection capability reaches 0.01pA (1 × 10 ⁻¹⁴ A), supporting leakage current capture of high resistance materials.

Dynamic current range: 2 × 10 ⁻⁴ A to 1 × 10 ⁻¹⁶ A, suitable for full spectrum testing requirements from conductors to insulators.

Test voltage adaptation

The voltage regulation range is 1V to 1500V (customizable), with a typical test voltage of 10V/50V/100V/250V/500V/1000V in six gears.

High voltage (≥ 500V) is suitable for thick insulation materials, while low voltage (≤ 100V) is used for thin film/nano coatings to reduce the risk of breakdown.

2、 Accuracy level and error control

Basic accuracy

Conventional range (10 ⁴ Ω to 10 ¹² Ω): error ≤ 1%, optimized through automatic range switching technology;

High resistance range (10 ¹² Ω to 10 ¹⁸ Ω): error ≤ 5% (some models can reach ± 0.8%);

High resistance (>10 ¹⁸ Ω): The error can be expanded to 10%~20%, and it needs to be used in a shielded environment.

Precision improvement technology

Temperature compensation algorithm: Real time calibration of the impact of environmental temperature (0 ℃~40 ℃) on resistivity, reducing errors by 30%;

Triple coaxial shielding design: electromagnetic interference, ensuring stability of p microcurrent (fluctuation<0.5%);

Dual display mode: synchronized display of resistance and current values, cross validation of data reliability

Characteristic analysis of surface volume resistivity tester with high temperature and intelligent functions

1、 High temperature testing capability

Temperature control range

The typical high temperature testing range covers room temperature to 900 ℃. The system combines a high temperature test chamber with four terminal measurement method to achieve continuous monitoring of the resistivity of conductor materials at high temperatures.

When testing insulation materials, the temperature control system supports temperature stability with an accuracy of ± 1 ℃, which is suitable for performance evaluation of materials such as ceramics and silicone rubber.

High temperature electrode adaptability

Using platinum or tungsten steel electrode materials, it has excellent oxidation resistance and can maintain contact resistance fluctuations of<5% at 500 ℃ environment.

The specially designed vacuum adsorption device avoids bubble interference between the sample and electrode at high temperatures.

2、 Intelligent functional features

Automated measurement and data analysis

Equipped with a 7-inch color touch screen, supporting infinite adjustment of test voltage (10V-1000V), and displaying real-time parameter curves such as resistance, current, temperature, etc.

The adaptive range switching technology can automatically match the optimal range within the range of 1 × 10 ⁴ Ω to 1 × 10 ¹⁸ Ω, reducing manual intervention.

Intelligent Algorithms and Data Management

Separate the volume current and surface current through a three electrode system, and synchronously calculate the two resistivity values with an error of 1%.

The built-in USB interface supports data export, and the accompanying software can generate PDF reports and analyze the temperature resistivity change pattern.

3、 Core hardware configuration

High precision sensor: Integrated temperature and humidity sensor, real-time compensation for the impact of environmental parameters on testing.

Low noise signal processing: Adopting a three coaxial shielded cable design, electromagnetic interference ensures the stability of p microcurrent measurement.

Modular electrode system: supports rapid replacement of flat, tubular, and flexible material electrodes, suitable for samples with diameters ranging from Φ 20 to Φ 100mm.

4、 Typical application scenarios

Degradation analysis of volume resistivity of high-temperature insulation materials such as mica and resin based composite materials at 200-800 ℃.

Semiconductor materials: Detection of conductivity characteristics of silicon wafers in high temperature environments (≤ 900 ℃).

Anti static material: Dynamic monitoring of surface resistivity of anti-static plastic/rubber products (within the range of 10 ⁶ -10 ¹² Ω).

5、 Selection suggestions

Laboratory level equipment: Priority should be given to the BEST-1000 model (compliant with IEC 62631 standard), which supports full temperature range testing of composite materials.

Industrial testing scenario: Equipped with automatic range switching and anti-interference design, suitable for rapid testing on production lines.

Research requirements: System adaptation for customized electrodes and secondary software development to meet in-depth analysis of special materials.

Note: The above technical parameters and selection are based on comprehensive standards such as GB/T 31838 and IEC 62631. The voltage range and temperature range need to be matched according to actual testing requirements.

The influence of the same electrode on the surface volume resistivity test results is mainly reflected in the differences in electrode structure, contact mode, and measurement principle, which can be divided into the following categories:

1、 Differences in electrode types

Two probe method vs four probe method

The resistance measured by the two probe method includes electrode contact resistance and material body resistance, and there is a significant error for high resistance materials (such as pole pieces). For example, in a positive pole piece test, the resistivity of the two probe method was as high as 1444.94 Ω· cm, while the four probe method was only 2.1 × 10 ⁻⁶Ω· cm, with a difference of six orders of magnitude.

The four probe method effectively eliminates the influence of contact resistance by separating current and voltage electrodes, and is suitable for measuring semiconductors or highly conductive materials such as aluminum foil and copper foil.

Parallel electrode vs circular electrode

Parallel electrodes are susceptible to edge electric field distortion, leading to fluctuations in surface resistance measurements (such as anti-static materials with uneven distribution of conductive fillers);

Ring electrodes (such as three electrode systems) improve the accuracy of volume resistance measurement by introducing protective electrodes to shield edge leakage currents.

2、 Influence of electrode contact state

Contact pressure and area

Insufficient electrode pressure (<5MPa) can lead to an increase in contact resistance. For example, in electrode testing, when the pressure is increased from 5MPa to 60MPa, the resistivity decreases by about 40%; The tubular sample must ensure that the electrode covers a circumference of ≥ 90%, otherwise the leakage area will significantly interfere with the measurement results.

Conductive layer processing method

When copper foil electrodes are prepared by etching method, the edge flatness is better than coating conductive silver paint (thickness ≤ 50 μ m), and the contact resistance fluctuation can be reduced by more than 50%;

If vacuum adsorption electrodes are not used for nano coating samples, interface bubbles will cause a deviation of more than 20% in the measured resistance value.

3、 Differences in electrode geometric parameters

Electrode spacing and size

Small spacing electrodes (such as 14mm diameter) are sensitive to local defects and suitable for detecting material uniformity;

Large sized electrodes (such as those with a diameter of 100mm) can average the fluctuations in the internal conductive network of the material and reduce measurement variability.

Matching of electrode materials

When testing semiconductor materials, tungsten steel electrodes have better work function matching than copper electrodes, and surface resistance measurement errors can be reduced by 15%;

In high-temperature testing, the oxidation resistance of platinum electrodes is better than that of silver electrodes, and the long-term stability is increased by more than three times.

4、 Special scenario impact

Dynamic measurement interference

When measuring large capacity devices (such as transformer windings) repeatedly, residual charges can cause the secondary measurement value to be falsely high, and full discharge is required before retesting;

Under high humidity conditions (RH>60%), oxidation or water film formation on the electrode surface can cause a drift in contact resistance exceeding 30%.

Composite structure adaptability

Layered composite materials require the use of stepwise pressure electrodes to simultaneously measure interlayer contact resistance (error<5%);

Flexible material testing requires the use of elastic electrodes to avoid microstructural deformation caused by rigid electrode compression.

Summary and Suggestions

When selecting electrodes, priority should be given to:

The four probe method is used for high-precision semiconductor/metal measurement;

The three electrode system is used for detecting the volume resistance of insulation materials;

Elastic/vacuum adsorption electrode compatible with flexible/nano materials;

Matching electrode materials to reduce contact potential difference

The difference between volume resistivity and surface resistivity

Volume resistivity and surface resistance are two important parameters for the electrical properties of materials, but they target different testing objects and application scenarios. The following are the main differences between the two:

1. Definition and Physical Significance

Volume Resistance

Volume resistivity is a parameter that measures the internal conductivity of a material, representing the ability of a unit volume of material to obstruct current.

Volume resistivity reflects the insulation or conductivity properties of a material itself, and is closely related to its composition, structure, and temperature. For example, insulating plastics can reach powers 12-16, while metals only have powers 10-6 ^ -10 ^ -4.

Surface Resistance

Surface resistance is a parameter that measures the surface conductivity of a material, representing the ability to obstruct current flow along the surface of the material.

The surface resistance is significantly affected by the surface state of the material, such as pollution, humidity, and oxide layer, and is commonly used to evaluate the anti-static performance or leakage risk of the material.

2. Measurement method and electrode configuration

Volume resistivity measurement

Electrode design: Use a three electrode system (such as a protective ring electrode) to ensure that current only passes through the interior of the material, avoiding surface current interference.

Testing standards: such as ASTM D257, IEC 60093.

Applicable scenarios: Insulation performance evaluation of block solid materials (such as plastics, ceramics, rubber).

Surface resistance measurement

Electrode design: parallel electrodes or concentric ring electrodes are used to allow current to flow along the surface of the material.

Testing standards: such as ASTM D4496, IEC 61340.

Applicable scenarios: Surface conductivity testing of films, coatings, textiles, etc., or screening of anti-static materials.

3. Differences in application fields

parameter

Volume resistivity:

Core Use Evaluation Material Internal Insulation

Typical applications include wire insulation layers, electronic packaging materials, and high-voltage equipment

Key influencing factors include material composition, temperature, and impurity concentration

Surface resistance: Evaluating the surface conductivity/anti-static performance of materials and conductivity

Factors affecting surface cleanliness, humidity, pollution, and oxide layer

4. Comparison of Examples

Insulated plastic board:

A volume resistivity higher than the 15th power indicates excellent internal insulation performance;

The surface resistance may decrease below the power of 12 due to the adsorption of moisture, indicating the presence of weak conductivity on the surface.

5. Summary

Volume resistivity: It characterizes the overall insulation or conductivity of a material and is a reflection of its intrinsic properties.

Surface resistance: reflects the conductive properties of the material surface and is easily affected by environmental factors and surface conditions.

Both often need to be tested simultaneously in scientific research and industrial quality inspection to comprehensively evaluate the electrical properties of materials (such as high-voltage insulation materials requiring high volume resistivity+high surface resistance, while anti-static materials require medium volume resistivity+low surface resistance).

The main requirements of the surface volume resistivity tester for the sample are as follows:

1、 Geometric dimension specifications

Standard sample size

Circular flat plate: diameter of 100mm or 50mm

Square flat panel: 100 × 100mm ² or 50 × 50mm ²

Tubular specimen: length 100mm or 50mm

When the substrate thickness is ≥ 0.50mm, the specification of 100 × 100mm ² is preferred

Thickness requirements

Conventional solid materials: 2-4mm (ASTM D257 standard)

Thin film material: A non-contact thickness gauge is required to measure 5 points and take the average value, with an error of ≤± 0.02mm

2、 Surface treatment requirements

Cleaning standards

Wipe the surface with a mixture of isopropanol and deionized water (3:1)

Special pollutants need to be treated with 400 mesh alumina polishing paste, and the contact resistance after treatment should be less than 0.1 Ω

Dry conditions

Dry in a 105 ℃ oven for 2 hours to eliminate static electricity

Balance treatment: Let it stand for 24 hours in an environment of 23 ± 2 ℃ and 50 ± 5% RH

3、 Special material requirements

Composite materials

Layered testing and recording of interlayer contact resistance are required

Semiconductor materials require the use of four point probe method to eliminate edge effects

Nano coating/film

Implement multi-point sampling method, with at least 5 testing points selected for each sample

During installation, a vacuum adsorption device should be used to avoid bubble interference

4、 Electrode preparation standards

Conductive layer treatment

Preparation of standard electrode patterns on copper-clad surfaces using etching method

The uncoated surface needs to be coated with conductive silver paint, with a coating thickness of ≤ 50 μ m

Special shaped samples

The tubular sample must ensure that the electrode covers a circumference of ≥ 90%

Irregular specimens need to be machined to obtain parallel test surfaces

5、 Quantity and Quality Control

Routine testing requires ≥ 3 valid samples

When measuring with high precision, each set of data needs to be continuously recorded with 3 sets of stable values. If the deviation is greater than 10%, retesting is required

Note: The above requirements are formulated based on standards such as GB/T 1410, IEC 60093, and ASTM D257. Actual testing should adjust parameters according to specific material characteristics.

Instrument composition

Electrode system: usually includes three electrodes (main electrode, protective electrode, counter electrode) to reduce edge effects.

High voltage power supply: provides stable testing voltage (common range 10V-1000V).

Microcurrent measurement module: detects small currents (as low as picoampere level) and calculates resistance using Ohm's law.

Control and display unit: Modern instruments are often equipped with digital interfaces that can automatically calculate resistivity.

Working principle

Volume resistance measurement: Apply voltage to both sides of the material, let current penetrate the sample, and calculate the volume resistivity.

Surface resistance measurement: electrodes are placed on the same side, current flows along the surface, and surface resistivity is measured.

International standards

ASTM D257, IEC 60093: specifies electrode configuration, sample size, and testing conditions (such as temperature and humidity).

Test conditions: Usually conducted at 23 ± 1 ℃ and 50% ± 5% humidity, with preheating of the sample required.

Operation points

Sample preparation: Clean the surface, ensure flatness, and avoid contamination affecting the results.

Electrode contact: Use conductive adhesive or spring loaded electrodes to ensure good contact.

Parameter setting: Select the appropriate voltage based on the material (such as 500V commonly used for plastics).

Environmental control: If necessary, test in a shielded box to avoid electromagnetic interference.

Application Fields

Insulation materials: Verify the volume resistance of cable insulation layers and electronic component packaging materials.

Anti static materials: Evaluate the surface resistance of flooring and packaging materials (usually 10 ^ 6-10 ^ 9 Ω).

Research and development: Optimize the electrical properties of functional materials (such as conductive polymers).

Technical parameters

Resistance range: The instrument can reach 10 ^ 3-10 ^ 17 Ω.

Accuracy: within ± 5% (high-precision models can reach ± 1%).

Automation function: Some models support SCV (Sequential Charging Voltage) method to improve testing efficiency.

Precautions

Calibration: Regularly use a standard resistance box for calibration.

Safety protection: Grounding protection is required when testing high voltage to avoid static electricity accumulation.

Data interpretation: Distinguish between volume/surface resistivity to avoid misjudging material properties.

Example scenario

PCB substrate testing: The volume resistivity of FR-4 material needs to be>10 ^ 12 Ω· cm, and the surface resistance needs to be>10 ^ 10 Ω.

Acceptance of anti-static flooring: According to EN 1081 standard, the surface resistance should be between 10 ^ 6-10 ^ 9 Ω.

Precautions for calibration of surface resistance tester

1、 Preparation before calibration

Environmental control

Ensure that the calibration environment temperature is stable at 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 40% -60%. The instrument should be left to stand for at least 30 minutes in advance to balance temperature and humidity.

Avoid operating in environments with strong electromagnetic fields, vibrations, or dust to prevent interference with calibration accuracy.

Tool and equipment inspection

Use standard resistors covering the range of 10 ³ -10 ¹² Ω with an accuracy of ≥ 1%, and ensure that they pass certification within their validity period.

Check if the power supply and electrode connection wires of the tester are intact to avoid calibration errors caused by poor contact or damage.

2、 Precautions for calibration operation

Operating specifications for adjusting calibrators

Power off operation is required before calibration, and avoid pulling or pulling the internal circuit board when opening the meter cover.

When adjusting the three calibration regulators (temperature and humidity, impedance, temperature compensation) on the circuit board, use a specialized small screwdriver and follow the principle of increasing the value clockwise and decreasing it counterclockwise.

Calibration verification process

After connecting the standard resistor, it is necessary to power on multiple times to compare the difference between the LCD display value and the standard value. After each adjustment, power off and restart the verification to avoid circuit overload.

After calibration, it is necessary to retest with a standard sample of known resistance to ensure that the error is within ± 1%.

Key operation taboos

Do not plug or unplug connecting wires or adjust calibrators while they are live to prevent short circuits or component damage.

Avoid touching electrodes or circuit boards directly with your hands, and wear anti-static gloves during operation to reduce interference.

3、 Post calibration processing

Instrument recovery and recording

After calibration, it is necessary to seal the meter cover and tighten the screws to prevent dust or moisture from entering.

Record calibration dates, environmental parameters, standard values, and measured data for subsequent performance tracking.

Abnormal situation handling

If there is still a significant deviation after calibration, it is necessary to investigate the accuracy of the standard resistor or electrode contact issues, and if necessary, contact a professional organization for repair.

Instruments that have not been used for a long time need to be regularly charged and discharged to maintain the battery and avoid insufficient power affecting calibration stability.

4、 Safety and cycle management

Safety protection: Keep away from high-voltage electrodes during the calibration process and ensure that the equipment is discharged before testing.

Calibration cycle: It is recommended to calibrate every 6 months or regularly according to the manufacturer's requirements. In high-frequency usage environments, it can be shortened to 3 months.

By standardizing operations and strictly following the above matters, the calibration accuracy and long-term reliability of the surface resistance tester can be effectively guaranteed.

Calibration guide for volume surface resistivity tester

1、 Preparation before calibration of volume surface resistivity tester

Calibration tool

Prepare standard resistors (covering a range of 10 ³ -10 ¹² Ω, with an accuracy of 1%), high-precision temperature and humidity meters, and constant temperature and humidity environmental control equipment. Confirm that the tester has sufficient power and check if the electrodes and connecting wires are intact.

Environment settings

The calibration environment should maintain a temperature of 20-25 ℃ and a humidity of 40% -60%. The instrument should be left to stand for at least 30 minutes to balance the temperature and humidity.

Avoid strong electromagnetic interference or vibration environments.

2、 Calibration steps for volume surface resistivity tester

Instrument disassembly and connection

Open the test instrument cover to avoid damaging the internal circuit board wiring.

Connect the crocodile clip to the banana plug, insert it into the corresponding interface of the instrument, and connect the other end to both ends of the standard resistor.

Adjust calibration point

Position the three calibration adjusters at the bottom right of the circuit board:

Top regulator: Control humidity measurement calibration;

Intermediate regulator: adjust impedance calibration;

Bottom adjuster: Adjust temperature compensation through a small screwdriver.

Adjustment direction: Clockwise rotation increases the value, counterclockwise rotation decreases.

Calibration operation

Press the power switch and compare the temperature, humidity, and resistance values displayed on the LCD with the standard values.

Release the power switch, fine tune the corresponding calibration regulator, and repeat the power on verification until the displayed value is consistent with the standard value.

If repeated calibration is required, power off before adjustment to avoid circuit overload.

3、 Verification and recording of calibrated volume surface resistivity tester

Functional verification

After calibration is completed, cover the meter cover and tighten the screws, then turn on the power to check if the instrument is functioning properly.

Use a standard sample with known resistance values for retesting, ensuring that the error is within the allowable range (such as ± 1%).

Record management

Fill in the calibration record form, including calibration date, environmental parameters, standard values, measured values, and operators.

Regularly track instrument performance and recommend periodic calibration every 6 months or as required by the manufacturer.

4、 Precautions for volume surface resistivity tester

Wear anti-static gloves during operation to avoid touching high-voltage electrodes or internal circuits.

During the calibration process, it is prohibited to plug or unplug the connecting wires with power on to prevent short circuits or damage to the instrument.

If there is still abnormal deviation after calibration, it is necessary to check the accuracy of the standard resistor or contact a professional organization for repair.

By standardizing the calibration process, the testing instrument can ensure long-term measurement accuracy and meet the detection needs of anti-static materials, electronic components, and other scenarios

Maintenance and usage guide for volume surface resistivity tester

1、 Maintenance points for volume surface resistivity tester

Cleaning and maintenance

Use a soft dry cloth or specialized cleaning agent to wipe the surface and measurement area of the instrument, avoiding the use of acidic or alkaline chemical solvents After cleaning, ensure that the instrument is dry before storage to prevent moisture damage to internal components.

Storage environment

Store in a dry and well ventilated environment, avoiding high temperatures, high humidity, or corrosive gases.

When not in use for a long time, the battery should be removed and the instrument should be sealed and moisture-proof.

Regular calibration

According to the manufacturer's recommended periodic calibration, use standard samples to verify accuracy, or contact professionals for operation.

Record data after calibration for tracking changes in instrument performance.

Electrical and Mechanical Inspection

Regularly check if the cable connections are secure to avoid data errors or malfunctions caused by looseness.

Pay attention to the wear and tear of mechanical components such as electrodes and fixtures, and replace damaged parts in a timely manner.

2、 Specification for use of volume surface resistivity tester

Environmental control

The temperature of the testing environment should be kept stable (recommended 20-25 ℃), and the humidity should be controlled at 40% -60%.

Avoid using near strong electromagnetic fields, vibrations, or welding operations to prevent interference with test results.

Sample preparation

Ensure that the surface of the sample is clean, dry, and free of oil stains, dust, or wrinkles. If necessary, use a soft cloth or mild solvent for cleaning.

The sample size should be adapted to the electrode requirements, and the thin film materials should be placed flat to avoid poor contact.

Operation steps of volume surface resistivity tester

After booting up, select the corresponding mode (volume/surface resistivity), set the voltage (usually hundreds to thousands of volts) and test time according to the standard.

Correctly connect electrodes: During surface resistance testing, the circular electrode should be tightly attached to the sample with a spacing that meets the specifications (such as 10cm).

During the testing process, avoid touching the electrodes or high-voltage parts to prevent electric shock or data deviation.

Safety and subsequent processing of volume surface resistivity tester

Before testing, confirm that the tested equipment has been powered off and discharged to prevent residual charges from affecting the results or causing danger.

After the test is completed, disconnect the high voltage first, then turn off the power, clean the electrodes, and record the data.

3、 Precautions for volume surface resistivity tester

Avoid collisions or severe vibrations, and use shockproof packaging during transportation.

Battery maintenance: Charge the battery promptly when the battery is low, and regularly charge and discharge it when it is idle for a long time to maintain battery activity.

If the test value is abnormal (such as exceeding the range of 10 ⁶ -10 ⁹ Ω), it is necessary to investigate environmental, sample or instrument faults, and contact after-sales if necessary.

By standardizing operation and regular maintenance, the service life of the surface resistance tester can be effectively extended, and the accuracy of measurement data can be ensured.

The measurement scenarios and applicable industries of the volume surface resistivity tester are as follows:

1、 Manufacturing of electronic components

PCB substrate inspection

Verify whether the volume resistivity of the epoxy resin substrate meets the standard of>10 ¹⁶ Ω to prevent circuit short circuits

Detect the surface resistivity of the silicone encapsulation layer to avoid dark current interference in signal transmission of photodiodes

Testing of capacitors and sealing materials

Assess the risk of leakage current in dielectric materials to ensure the insulation performance of capacitors

2、 In the field of new energy

Lithium battery separator quality inspection

Simultaneously verify the balance between high volume resistivity (blocking electrons) and low surface resistivity (conducting ions) of the diaphragm

Research and development of photovoltaic materials

Test the anti-static ability of solar cell packaging materials to enhance long-term stability

3、 Aerospace and Materials

Certification of Composite Insulation Materials

Carbon fiber reinforced resin needs to pass ASTM D257 standard testing and support one click report generation

Environmental Material Assessment

Verify the electrical resistivity stability of high temperature/radiation resistant materials to meet the level of protection requirements

4、 Production of electricity and insulation materials

Testing of High Voltage Cable and Sheath Materials

Verify the volume resistivity of insulating materials such as plastic and rubber to ensure their resistance to voltage breakdown

Liquid and powder material testing

Detect the resistivity of materials such as resin and conductive ink, and design dedicated electrodes to avoid leakage errors

5、 Semiconductors and Microelectronics

Wafer processing and packaging

Test the surface anti-static ability of cutting tape and packaging materials to prevent device damage

Microcurrent measurement

Realize 0.1f weak current detection for semiconductor and optoelectronic device research and development

6、 Anti static and textile products

Anti static product certification

Detect the surface resistivity of anti-static clothing and conductive fibers, in compliance with standards such as GB 12014

Industrial environmental safety monitoring

Verify the static dissipation performance of anti-static flooring and chemical explosion-proof equipment in the computer room

7、 Research and Education

Research on Material Modification

Real time monitoring of the influence curve of graphene and other nanofillers on material resistivity

Development of new materials

Support testing of solid, liquid, and powder materials, covering laboratory and production line scenarios

The above application scenarios and industries are based on current (2025) mainstream standards and technical requirements, meeting 15+international/national standards such as GB/T 1410 and ASTM D257.

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Suffix: Keywords: volume, surface resistivity tester, applicable to which industries

The volume surface resistivity tester is a precision instrument used to measure the insulation performance of materials, widely used in multiple industries, mainly involving fields with strict requirements for the electrical insulation performance of materials. The volume surface resistivity tester of Beijing Beiguang Jingyi Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd. is mainly used in the following industries and specific application scenarios:

1. Electronics and Semiconductor Industry

Application: Test the resistivity of PCB substrates, insulation films, packaging materials, semiconductor wafers, etc., to ensure that their insulation performance meets the requirements of electronic component short-circuit and leakage prevention.

Case: Evaluate the insulation reliability of mobile phone circuit boards in high humidity environments.

2. Electricity and energy industry

Application: Detect the resistivity of materials such as cable insulation, transformer oil, and composite insulators to ensure the safe operation of high-voltage equipment.

Case: Insulation performance verification of high-voltage cables before leaving the factory.

3. Aerospace and Automotive Manufacturing

Application: Evaluate the electrical insulation properties of composite materials for aircraft, automotive wiring harnesses, battery separators, and other materials to prevent static electricity accumulation or electromagnetic interference.

Case: Quality control of insulation materials for new energy vehicle battery packs.

4. Research and development of new materials

Application: Study the conductive/insulating properties of new materials such as graphene and nano coatings, and optimize material formulations.

Case: Development and testing of transparent conductive films in flexible display technology.

5. Medical equipment and biomaterials

Application: Testing the insulation performance of medical plastics, catheters, and implant materials to ensure patient safety.

Case: Biocompatibility testing of insulated enclosures.

6. Plastic and rubber industry

Application: Measuring the electrical resistivity of materials such as engineering plastics and silicone rubber in the quality control process, used for anti-static packaging or insulation component production.

Case: Anti static trays are used for electrical resistivity compliance testing before chip transportation.

6. Military and Defense

Application: Evaluate the electrical properties of stealth coatings, radar absorbing materials, etc.

Case 7: Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness testing of composite materials for unmanned aerial vehicles.

8. Building materials and home furnishings industry

Application: To test the anti-static performance of flooring and wall panels (such as data center flooring) or insulation performance (such as electrical conduit).

Case: Acceptance testing of anti-static flooring in clean rooms.

9. Energy storage (batteries and capacitors)

Application: Measure the resistivity of membranes and electrolytes to optimize the performance of lithium batteries or supercapacitors.

Case: Study on the influence of porosity of lithium battery separators on ion conductivity.

10. Quality control and certification bodies

Application: As a third-party testing tool, it certifies materials according to ISO/ASTM standards (such as UL certification, RoHS compliance).

Case: Insulation safety certification testing for exported electronic products.

Key testing parameters

Volume resistivity (Ω· cm): reflects the insulation performance inside the material.

Surface resistivity (Ω/sq): Evaluating the conductive/anti-static properties of a material's surface.

Industry standard reference

Testing often follows international standards such as IEC 60093, ASTM D257, GB/T 1410, etc., to ensure data comparability.

In summary, this instrument is the core equipment for evaluating the electrical properties of materials, covering the entire chain of requirements from basic research to industrial production, especially in scenarios that require high reliability insulation or controllable conductivity.

The volume surface resistivity tester of Beiguang Precision Instrument is mainly used for detecting the electrical properties of materials, and its characteristics usually cover the following aspects. The following analysis is based on common characteristics of similar instruments, and there may be differences in specific models. It is recommended to refer to the reference materials for accurate information:

Core Features

1. High precision measurement

Adopting excellent sensors and circuit design to ensure high precision within a wide range of resistance values (such as 102 Ω to 1020 Ω), suitable for insulation materials, semiconductors, and other conductive materials.

2. Complies with international standards

Follow ASTM D257, IEC 60093, GB/T 1410 and other standards to ensure comparability of test results.

3. Multi functional testing mode

Integrated volume resistivity and surface resistivity measurement functions, some models may support automatic switching of testing modes to improve efficiency.

4. User friendly design

Intuitive button color screen operation interface, combined with menu guidance, reduces the operating threshold.

Data storage and export function, supporting USB or computer connection for subsequent analysis.

5. Stability and anti-interference

Adopting shielding technology to reduce environmental electromagnetic interference, temperature compensation function adapts to different testing environments, and ensures data stability.

6. Security protection mechanism

Overvoltage, overcurrent protection, and safety grounding design to prevent equipment or samples from being damaged in abnormal situations.

7. Excellent functional operation

Switchable Chinese and English interface timed charging and timed discharging functions, alarm mode, measurement mode

Additional features (some models may have)

Automated testing: The preset program automatically completes the testing process, reducing human error.

Multi range automatic switching: Automatically adjust the range according to the resistance value of the tested material, simplifying the operation.

Temperature and humidity monitoring: Built in sensors monitor environmental parameters in real-time and analyze their impact on resistivity.

Calibration service: Provide regular calibration support to ensure long-term measurement accuracy.

Application field

Material research and development: electrical performance evaluation of insulation materials such as plastic, rubber, ceramics, etc.

Quality control: Factory inspection of electronic components, cables, films, and other products.

Research and education: Universities and research institutions conduct research on dielectric materials.

Precautions

Before operation, carefully read the manual to standardize electrode installation and sample processing.

Regular maintenance and calibration are required to maintain the condition of the instrument.

If you need detailed parameters for a specific model, it is recommended to consult the Beiguang Jingyi channel directly for technical documentation.

This standard specifies the test methods for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid insulation materials. These test methods include measurement procedures for the volume resistance and surface resistance of solid insulation materials, as well as calculation methods for volume resistivity and surface resistivity. The tests for volume resistance and surface resistance are both influenced by the following factors: the magnitude and duration of the applied voltage; The nature and size of the electrode; During the sample processing and testing process, the surrounding atmospheric conditions and the temperature and humidity of the sample.

The quotient of the DC voltage applied between the two electrodes placed on opposite surfaces of the sample and the steady-state current flowing between these two electrodes, excluding the current along the surface of the sample, and ignoring the polarization that may form on the two electrodes. Note: Unless otherwise specified, the volume resistance is measured one minute after electrification. Volume resistivity is the quotient of the DC electric field strength and steady-state current density in insulating materials, which is the volume resistance per unit volume. Note: The SI unit for volume resistivity is £ 1 • mo, but in reality, the unit of 0 • cm is also used. The product of the voltage applied between the two electrodes on the surface of the sample and the current flowing between the two electrodes during the specified electrification time, regardless of the polarization that may form on the two electrodes. Note 1: Unless otherwise specified, surface resistance is measured one minute after electrification. Note 2: Usually, the current mainly flows through one surface layer of the sample, but also includes the components flowing through the volume of the sample.

The surface resistivity is the ratio of the direct current electric field strength and the line current density in the surface layer of an insulating material, which is the surface resistance per unit area. The size of the area is not important. Note: The SI unit for surface resistivity is Q. In fact, it is sometimes also expressed in "ohms per square unit".

volume resistivity

To determine the volume resistivity, the shape of the sample is not limited, as long as it allows the use of a third electrode to offset the errors caused by surface effects. For samples with negligible surface leakage, the protection can be removed when measuring the volume resistance, as long as it has been proven that removing the protection has negligible effects on the results.

The gap on the surface of the sample between the protected electrode and the protective electrode should have a uniform width, and the gap should be as narrow as possible under the condition that surface leakage does not cause measurement errors. A gap of 1 mm is usually a feasible small gap.

Examples of three electrode devices are shown in Figures 2 and 3. When measuring volume resistance, electrode 1 is the protected electrode, electrode 2 is the protected electrode, and electrode 3 is the unprotected electrode. The diameter M (Figure 2) or length X (Figure 3) of the protected electrode should be at least 10 times the thickness of the sample/1, usually at least 25 mm. The diameter (or length X) of the unprotected electrode and the outer diameter of the protected electrode (or the length G between the two outer edges of the protected electrode) should be equal to the inner diameter of the protected electrode (or the length between the two inner edges of the protected electrode) plus at least 2 times the thickness of the sample.

surface resistivity

To determine surface resistivity, the shape of the sample is not limited, as long as it allows the use of a third electrode to offset errors caused by volume effects. Recommend using the three electrode device shown in Figures 2 and 3. Use electrode 1 as the protected electrode, electrode 3 as the protective electrode, and electrode 2 as the unprotected electrode. The resistance of the surface gap between electrodes 1 and 2 can be directly measured, which includes the surface resistance between electrodes 1 and 2 and the volume resistance between these two electrodes. However, for a wide range of environmental conditions and material properties, the influence of volume resistance can be ignored when the electrode size is appropriate. Therefore, for the devices shown in Figures 2 and 3, the gap width g of the electrodes should be at least twice the thickness of the sample. Generally speaking, [mm] is a feasible small gap. The size (or length ZQ) of the protected electrode should be at least 10 times the thickness of the sample, usually at least 25 mm.

volume resistance

Before testing, the sample should be made to have a stable dielectric state. To this end, short-circuit the measuring electrodes 1 and 3 of the sample using a measuring device (Figure la), gradually increase the sensitivity of the current measuring device to meet the requirements, and observe the changes in the short-circuit current. Continue this process until the short-circuit current reaches a relatively constant value, which should be less than the stable value of the electrification current or less than the current after 100 minutes of electrification. Due to the possibility of the short-circuit current changing direction, even if the current is zero, the short-circuit state must be maintained for the required time. When the short-circuit current L becomes essentially constant (which may take several hours), record the value and direction of L.

Then add the specified DC voltage and start timing at the same time. "Unless otherwise specified, measurements should be taken at each of the following electrification times: 1 min, 2 min.5 min.10 min.50 minJOO mino. If the same result is obtained from two consecutive measurements, Beilj can end the test and use this current value to calculate the volume resistance. Record the electrification time when the same measurement result is observed. If a stable state cannot be reached within 100 minutes, record the functional relationship between volume resistance and electrification time.

As an acceptance test, according to relevant specifications, a fixed electrochemical time, such as the current value after 1 minute, is used to calculate the volume resistivity.

The transformer paper insulation resistance tester is a professional equipment used to evaluate the performance of paper insulation materials inside transformers. Its testing must follow specific standards and operating procedures. The following are the comprehensive technical points:

1、 Instrument technical parameters

Output voltage level
Select the corresponding tester based on the voltage level of the transformer. Common voltage levels include 500V, 1000V, 2500V, 5000V, and 10KV. For example:

It is recommended to use a 10KV gear tester for 10KV transformers to achieve high-precision measurement. Supports three outputs of 2500V/5000V/10000V, covering a range of 0-400G Ω.

Core functions and precision

Support absorption ratio and polarization index measurement, with absorption ratio ≥ 1.3 times to determine insulation performance.

The high-precision measurement range can reach 0.01M Ω~1000G Ω, supporting 10KV high voltage and polarization index testing.

Portability and Security

Designed for both AC and DC use, with a built-in rechargeable battery to meet the needs of field operations.

Equipped with high-voltage warning sound and anti short circuit protection function to ensure safe operation.

2、 Test operation process

Preprocessing and wiring

Power off and discharge: Before testing, it is necessary to cut off the power supply of the transformer and fully discharge the winding and shell.

Wiring method:

High voltage side measurement: Short circuit the primary winding (1U, 1V, 1W) to the "L" end, short-circuit the secondary winding and ground to the "E" end, and use the "G" end if necessary to reduce surface leakage effects.

Low voltage side measurement: Short circuit the secondary winding (2U, 2V, 2W, N) to the "L" end, and connect the primary winding and ground to the "E" end.

Measurement and recording

Start the tester (such as pressing the VSEL key to adjust the voltage to the target gear), read the insulation resistance values for 15 seconds (R15) and 60 seconds (R60), and calculate the absorption ratio.

Data storage: The BEST-380 model supports automatic saving of test results for subsequent analysis.

Result judgment

Qualification criteria:

The insulation resistance value measured this time shall not be less than 50% of the previous measurement value (converted to the same temperature).

Absorption ratio ≥ 1.3 (10-30 ℃ environment). ‌

Precautions

Environmental requirements: During testing, it is necessary to ensure that there are no grounding objects around the transformer, and the temperature range is usually -20 ℃ to 60 ℃.

Instrument maintenance: Regularly check the battery capacity and avoid long-term storage in low temperature or humid environments.

Safety regulations: Do not touch the test line during high-voltage startup, and discharge to ground after measurement.

Through the above process and equipment selection, the insulation resistance performance of transformer paper can be systematically evaluated to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.

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