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Xinke Pengwei (Weihai) Chemical Machinery Co., Ltd
Supercritical reactor
NegotiableUpdate on 12/25
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Overview
The Hastelloy Reactor is specifically designed for conducting chemical reactions under high temperature and pressure conditions, in order to study the properties and reaction processes of substances. This type of reactor can hold liquid or gas samples and provide the ability to control parameters such as temperature, pressure, and stirring.
Product Details
Adopting end face rare earth coupling driver, it has the characteristics of static sealing and no leakage. The main material used for the kettle body is Hastelloy C-276 alloy
And special materials such as 304, 321, 316L, 2520, stainless steel, titanium (TA2), nickel, tantalum, zirconium, Hastelloy, Monel, and PTFE lining can be made according to different medium requirements. The stirring bearing adopts corrosion-resistant stainless steel bearing, suitable for high-speed, hydrogenation catalysis, and low viscosity material stirring. The stirring blade adopts a push type stirring slurry. The heating method is generally dry electric heating, but electric heating, thermal oil heating or jacket heating can also be made according to user requirements. Equipped with a multifunctional temperature control and pressure control digital display control box. The heating control system adopts PID automatic temperature control instrument, and the temperature control is very precise. After tuning, the instrument can effectively suppress temperature overshoot.
Note:
In addition to the above specifications of finished products, different volume products can also be customized according to user requirements.
2. The conventional main material is 1Cr18Ni9Ti: 316L stainless steel, nickel, titanium, tantalum can be selected as the main material according to user requirements
Special materials such as zirconium, Hastelloy, Monel, 2520.904L, etc.
3. Electric heating, thermal oil heating, or jacket heating can be made according to user requirements.
4. The form of the stirring blade can be selected and customized according to user requirements.
| serial number | Product Name | quantity | Configuration and technical requirements | Remarks |
| 1 | Reaction kettle | 1 | Work pressure: 10MPa; Working temperature: 200 ℃; Effective volume: 10L; including PID automatic control system; Magnetic stirrer with motor (replaceable stirring device); The material in contact with the material inside the kettle is lined with Hastelloy alloy. | If hydrochloric acid and chlorine gas are used, the working pressure and temperature can be adjusted downwards according to the reaction requirements under technically feasible conditions. |
| 2 | Liquid pump | 1 | Pump output pressure ≥ 10MPa, flow rate 2.5L/min, adjustable feed flow rate, pump material resistant to acid and alkali corrosion. | The liquid pump and inlet pump are capable of pumping materials into the 10MPa reactor. The specific pump selection can be based on the manufacturer's recommendations. |
| 3 | Intake pump | 1 | Pump output pressure ≥ 10MPa, flow rate 0.5L/min, adjustable intake flow rate, pump material resistant to acid and alkali corrosion. | |
| 4 | vacuum pump | 1 | Can achieve a vacuum pumping capacity of around 90KPa（ -90KPa）， The material of the vacuum pumping device is resistant to acid and alkali corrosion. |
Note: The supporting pipes, valves, measuring and display facilities can be configured according to the following sketch.
Process diagram of supporting equipment for reaction kettle experiment
Hastelloy reaction device
Hastelloy C-276 alloy
1、 Physical performance
Density: 8.90g/cm3, Specific Heat: 425J/kg/k, Elastic Modulus: 205Gpa (21 ℃)
2、 Corrosion resistance performance
Hastelloy C-276 alloy belongs to the nickel molybdenum chromium iron tungsten series nickel based alloy. It is the most corrosion-resistant type of modern metal material. It is mainly resistant to wet chlorine, various oxidizing chlorides, chloride salt solutions, sulfuric acid and oxidizing salts, and has good corrosion resistance in low and medium temperature hydrochloric acid. Therefore, in the past thirty years, it has been widely used in harsh corrosive environments such as chemical, petrochemical, flue gas desulfurization, pulp and paper, environmental protection and other industrial fields.
The various corrosion data of Hastelloy C-276 alloy have their typicality, but they cannot be used as specifications, especially in unknown environments, and must be tested before material selection. There is not enough Cr in Hastelloy C-276 alloy to resist corrosion in highly oxidizing environments, such as hot concentrated nitric acid. The production of this alloy is mainly aimed at the chemical process environment, especially in the presence of mixed acids, such as the discharge pipe of flue gas desulfurization systems. The following table shows the comparative corrosion test results of four alloys in different environments. (All welding samples are welded using self melting tungsten inert gas arc welding)
Comparative corrosion test of four metals in different environments
Hastelloy C-276 alloy can be used as flue gas desulfurization components in coal-fired systems, and C-276 is the most corrosion-resistant material in this environment. The following table shows the corrosion comparison test results of C-276 alloy and typical 316 in the "green death" solution of the flue gas simulation system.
Corrosion Comparison Test in "Green Death" Solution
As shown in the table above, C-276 alloy exhibits excellent corrosion resistance to mixed acid and salt solutions containing chloride ions.
The addition of Cr, Mo, and W in Hastelloy C-276 alloy greatly improves its resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. C-276 alloy is considered inert in seawater environments, so it is widely used in marine, saltwater, and high chlorine environments, even in strong acid and low pH conditions. The following table compares the occurrence of crevice corrosion of four metals in a 6-Cl3 (executed according to ASTM standard G-48) solution.
The occurrence of crevice corrosion
| Temperature at which crevice corrosion occurs | °F | °C |
| Typical 316 | 27 | 2.5 |
| AL-6XN | 113 | 45 |
| Inconel625 | 113 | 45 |
| C-276 | 140 | 60 |
The high content of Ni and Mo in C-276 alloy makes it highly resistant to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking. The following table shows the stress corrosion cracking test results of four metals in different chloride ion solutions.
Chloride ion stress corrosion cracking test results
| Experimental solution | Bending U-shaped specimen test time (Hours) and test results | |||
| Typical 316 | AL-6XN | Inconel625 | C-276 | |
| 42% MgCl2 (boiling) | Failed (24 hours) | Simultaneously (1000 hours) | Resistance (1000 hours) | Resistance (1000 hours) |
| 33% LiCl (boiling) | Failed (100 hours) | Resistance (1000 hours) | Resistance (1000 hours) | Resistance (1000 hours) |
| 26% NaCl (boiling) | Failed (300 hours) | Resistance (1000 hours) | Resistance (1000 hours) | Resistance (1000 hours) |
3、 Welding and heat treatment
The welding performance of C-276 alloy is similar to that of ordinary austenitic stainless steel. Before using a welding method to weld C-276, measures must be taken to minimize the decrease in corrosion resistance of the weld and heat affected zone, such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), submerged arc welding, or other welding methods that can minimize the decrease in corrosion resistance of the weld and heat affected zone. However, welding methods such as oxyacetylene welding that may increase the carbon or silicon content in the material weld and heat affected zone are not suitable for use.
The selection of welding joint forms can refer to the successful experience of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code for C-276 welding joints.
It is best to use mechanical processing for welding grooves, but mechanical processing can cause work hardening, so it is necessary to polish the groove before welding.
Suitable heat input speed should be used during welding to prevent the occurrence of thermal cracks.
In the vast majority of corrosive environments, C-276 can be applied in the form of welded components. But in extremely harsh environments, C-276 materials and welded parts need to undergo solution heat treatment to obtain corrosion resistance.
The welding of C-276 alloy can choose to use itself as welding material or filler metal. If it is required to add certain components to the weld seam of C-276, such as other nickel based alloys or stainless steel, and these welds will be exposed to corrosive environments, then the welding rod or wire used for welding must have corrosion resistance equivalent to that of the base metal.
The solid solution heat treatment of Hastelloy C-276 alloy material includes two processes: (1) heating at 1040 ℃~1150 ℃; (2) Quickly cool to a black state (around 400 ℃) within two minutes, and the treated material has excellent corrosion resistance. Therefore, only stress relieving heat treatment of Hastelloy C-276 alloy is ineffective. Before heat treatment, it is necessary to clean the surface of the alloy of any dirt, such as oil stains, that may produce carbon elements during the heat treatment process.
During welding or heat treatment, oxides are generated on the surface of C-276 alloy, which reduces the Cr content in the alloy and affects its corrosion resistance. Therefore, surface cleaning is necessary. Stainless steel wire brushes or grinding wheels can be used, followed by immersion in a mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid in an appropriate ratio for acid washing, and then rinsing with clean water.
The laboratory Hastelloy reactor is an alloy reactor made by adding copper, iron, manganese and other elements to nickel metal as the substrate. Has excellent corrosion resistance to most corrosive media. Excellent resistance to pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking.
This is a corrosion-resistant alloy with high usage, wide application, and excellent comprehensive performance. This alloy has excellent corrosion resistance in fluorine gas medium and also has excellent corrosion resistance to hot concentrated alkali solution. It is also resistant to corrosion from neutral solutions, water, seawater, atmosphere, organic compounds, etc. An important characteristic of this alloy is that it generally does not produce stress corrosion cracking and has good cutting performance. This alloy is mainly used for valve stems, pump shafts and impellers, conveyor scrapers, oil well drilling rings, elastic components, valve gaskets, etc.
Overview of reaction process:
(1) One stage hydrogenation: Raw materials such as 3-hydroxypropanal are metered and mixed with an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas to enter the first stage hydrogenation reactor. The hydrogen gas intake is controlled by a mass flow meter. The reaction liquid first enters the condenser for cooling, and then enters the high separator for gas-liquid separation. The separated reaction liquid enters the storage tank for later use;
(2) Second stage hydrogenation: Raw materials such as 1,3-propanediol and a small amount of 3-hydroxypropanal are metered and mixed with an appropriate amount of hydrogen gas into the second stage hydrogenation reactor. The hydrogen gas intake is also controlled by a mass flow meter. The reaction liquid first enters the condenser for cooling, and then enters the high separator for gas-liquid separation. The separated reaction liquid is collected in the storage tank.
2.1 One stage hydrogenation reaction device:
(1) Reactor requirements: specification of φ 25/30 × 400 mm (catalyst filling section, catalyst filling space of 196/283 ml), catalyst specification of φ 1.5 × 2~6 mm;
(2) Reactor design requirements: low liquid volumetric space velocity of 0.8 h-1, liquid flow rate of 120 ml/h, catalyst packing amount of 150 ml (180 g), low gas volumetric space velocity of 60.0 h-1, and bulk flow rate of 18000 ml/h;
(3) Condensation tank: A snake shaped condenser is installed in front of the high scoring tank;
(4) Gas liquid separation - high separation tank:
Option 1: Specification 2.0 L, with a 12 hour liquid accumulation of 1.5 L, plus a cooling water jacket;
Option 2: It is recommended to set up an automatic layout device to automatically layout when a certain amount of liquid is accumulated;
(5) Product storage tank: Specification 2.0 L, made of glass with markings;
(6) Requirements for feed pump: metering pump, working pressure must exceed 10 MPa;
(7) Reactor heating and temperature measurement method: three-stage heating furnace heating, three-stage temperature measurement in the heating furnace, and adding a temperature measuring sleeve to the reactor;
(8) Gas metering requirements: A high-pressure resistant mass flow meter should be added before the inlet, and a soap bubble flow meter should be installed for the exhaust gas;
2.2 Second stage hydrogenation reaction device:
(1) Reactor requirements: specification of φ 25 × 400 mm (catalyst filling section, catalyst filling space of 196 ml), catalyst specification of φ 1.5 × 2~6 mm;
(2) Reactor design requirements: low liquid volumetric space velocity of 2.4 h-1, liquid flow rate of 120 ml/h, catalyst packing amount of 50 ml (60 g), low gas volumetric space velocity of 120.0 h-1, and bulk flow rate of 36000 ml/h;
(3) Condensation tank: A serpentine condenser is installed in front of the high scoring tank;
(4) Gas liquid separation - high separation tank: specification 2.0 L, with a liquid accumulation of 1.5 L after 12 hours, plus a cooling water jacket;
(5) Product storage tank: Specification 5.0 L, made of glass with markings;
(6) Requirements for feed pump: metering pump, working pressure must exceed 10 MPa;
(7) Reactor heating and temperature measurement method: three-stage heating furnace heating, three-stage temperature measurement in the heating furnace, and adding a temperature measuring sleeve to the reactor;
(8) Gas metering requirements: Add a high-pressure mass flow meter before the inlet, and add a rotor flow meter and soap bubble flow meter for tail gas metering;
