Fully automatic chloride ion analyzer

test

In sand and gravelchloride ionmeasurement

1.Sampling (river sand)/Sea sand)

2.Dry to a constant amount and cool to room temperature

3Take samples using the quartering method and weigh them on a balance

4Pour the sample into a grinding bottle and dissolve it in a certain amount of water.

as500gSample, add500mL水溶解。 放置2Hour by hour, allow the chloride salt to fully dissolve.

5Filter the clarified solution from the top of the grinding bottle, use a pipette to extract some of the filtrate, and directly test it on the machine.

6.test data

HC-800fully automaticChloride ion analyzerHas the following performance characteristics:

1. Automatic injection for rapid quantitative analysis, accurate measurement values;
2. Real time online monitoring and laboratory monitoring can be freely selected;
3. Continuous batch measurement, instrument calibration, and automatic measurement;
4. Measurement using ion selective electrode method;
5. Intelligent maintenance free design, easy to operate;
6. Dual display (LCD display and thermal printing);
7. On site installation training, one-year warranty for the entire machine, and lifelong maintenance;

Technical parameters:

Measurement range: Cl 0~35500mg/L; pH 0～14；

1. Resolution: 0.01mg/L; Accuracy level: 0.1 level;
2. Testing time:<3 minutes;
3. Display mode: dual display (LCD display and thermal printing);
4. Communication interface: RS232, USB 2.0 (dual communication interface);
5. Voltage: AC220V ± 10%;
6. Frequency: 50Hz;
7. Power: ＜ 60W;
8. Dimensions: 38.5 * 23.5 * 34.5cm;
9. Instrument working conditions:
   ①Environmental temperature: 10-35℃；
   ②Relative humidity of the air:<85%;
   ③There is no strong magnetic field interference around except for the Earth's magnetic field;
10. Information management software (optional)

11. Quality standards and inspection methods for sand used in ordinary concrete（JGJ52-92）
    
    
    Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China
    Quality Standards and Inspection Methods for Sand Used in Ordinary Concrete JGJ52-92
    Editor in Chief: China Academy of Building Research
    Approved by: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
    Implementation date: October 1, 1993
    Notice on the Release of Industry Standard "Quality Standards and Inspection Methods for Sand Used in Ordinary Concrete"
    Jianbiao [1992] No. 930
    According to the requirements of the Ministry of Construction's (89) Jian Biao Ji Zi No. 8 document, the "Quality Standards and Inspection Methods for Sand Used in Ordinary Concrete" edited by the China Academy of Building Research has been reviewed and approved as an industry standard with the number JGJ52—92, implemented from October 1, 1993. Original standard "Quality Standards and Inspection Methods for Sand Used in Ordinary Concrete" (JGJ52)—79) Abolish simultaneously.
    This standard is managed by the China Academy of Building Research, the technical unit responsible for construction engineering standards under the Ministry of Construction. It is interpreted by the China Academy of Building Research and published by the Institute of Standards and Quotas under the Ministry of Construction.
    Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
    December 30th, 1992
    Table of Contents
    1 General Provisions
    2 Terminology and Symbols
    2.1 Terminology
    2.2 Symbols
    3 Quality requirements
    4. Acceptance, transportation, and stacking
    5 Sampling and Reduction
    5.1 Sampling
    5.2 Sample Reduction
    6 Inspection methods
    6.1 Sieve analysis test of sand
    6.2 Apparent Density Test of Sand (Standard Method)
    6.3 Apparent Density Test of Sand (Simplified Method)
    6.4 Water absorption test of sand
    6.5 Sand Bulk Density and Tightness Density Test
    6.6 Moisture Content Test of Sand (Standard Method)
    6.7 Moisture Content Test of Sand (Rapid Method)
    6.8 Sand Mud Content Test (Standard Method)
    6.9 Mud content test of sand (siphon method)
    6.10 Mud block content test of sand
    6.11 Organic content test in sand
    6.12 Mica content test in sand
    6.13 Light matter content test in sand
    6.14 Strength test of sand
    6.15 Sulfate and sulfide content test in sand
    6.16 Chloride ion content test in sand
    6.17 Alkali activity test of sand (chemical method)
    6.18 Alkali Activity Test of Sand (Mortar Length Method)
    Appendix A Sand Testing Report Form
    Appendix B Explanation of Vocabulary in This Standard
    Additional notes
    
    1 General Provisions
    1.0.1 In order to select and use natural sand reasonably and ensure the quality of the prepared concrete, this standard is formulated.
    1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the quality inspection of sand used for ordinary concrete in general industrial and civil buildings and structures.
    The quality requirements for sand used in ultra-fine sand concrete and mountain sand concrete should also comply with relevant specialized standards.
    1.0.3 The quality inspection of sand should not only comply with this standard, but also with the relevant national standards currently in effect.
    2 Terminology and Symbols
    2.1 Terminology
    2.1.1 Natural sand——Rock particles with a particle size of less than 5mm formed by natural conditions. According to their different sources of production, they can be divided into river sand, sea sand, and mountain sand.
    2.1.2 Mud content——The content of particles with a diameter less than 0.080mm in sand.
    2.1.3 Mud lump content——The content of particles with a diameter greater than 1.25mm in sand that become less than 0.630mm after washing and pinching by hand.
    2.1.4 Robustness——The ability of sand to resist rupture under the influence of climate, environmental changes, or other physical factors.
    2.1.5 Light matter——Relative density in sand is less than 2000kg/The substance of m3.
    2.1.6 Alkali activated aggregate——Aggregates that can undergo chemical reactions with alkali in cement or concrete.
    2.1.7 Apparent Density——The mass per unit volume of aggregate particles (including enclosed pores).
    2.1.8 Bulk Density——The mass per unit volume of aggregate in its natural stacking state.
    2.1.9 Tight Density——The mass per unit volume of aggregate after being compacted according to the prescribed method.
    2.2 Symbols
    ２．２．１ｍｒ——The remaining amount of the sample on a sieve.
    ２．２．２Mｆ——Fineness modulus.
    ２．２．３ρ——Apparent density.
    ２．２．４Ohｗａ，Ohｗｃ——Water absorption rate, moisture content.
    ２．２．５ρ１，ρｃ——Bulk density, compact density.
    ２．２．６Ohｃ，Ohｃ，１——Mud content, mud lump content.
    ２．２．７Ohｍ——Mica content.
    ２．２．８Oh１——Light material content.
    ２．２．９Ohｃｌ——Chloride ion content.
    ２．２．１０εｔ——The expansion rate of the specimen at t days of age.
    3 Quality requirements
    3.0.1 The fineness of sand is determined by the fineness modulusMF is divided into three levels: coarse, medium, and fine, and its scope should comply with the following regulations:
    Coarse sand:Mｆ＝３．７～３．１
    Medium sand:Mｆ＝３．０～２．３
    Fine sand:Mｆ＝２．２～１．６
    3.0.2 The sand is divided into three grading zones based on the cumulative sieve residue (in weight percentage, the same below) of 0.630mm sieve holes (see Table 3.0.2). The particle size distribution of sand should be within any of the zones in Table 3.0.2.
    The actual particle size distribution of sand is allowed to slightly exceed the boundary line compared to the cumulative sieve residue percentage listed in Table 3.0.2, except for 5.00mm and 0.630mm (values marked in bold in Table 3.0.2), but the total percentage should not exceed 5%.
    It is advisable to prioritize the use of concrete when preparing itⅡDistrict sand. When adoptingⅠWhen sanding, the sand ratio should be increased and sufficient cement dosage should be maintained to meet the workability of the concrete; When adoptingⅢWhen sanding, it is advisable to reduce the sand ratio appropriately to ensure the strength of the concrete.
    For sand used in pumping concrete, medium sand should be selected.
    When the sand particle size distribution does not meet the requirements of Article 3.0.2, corresponding measures should be taken, and it should be proven through testing that it can ensure the quality of the project before it is allowed to be used.
    The mud content in sand should comply with the provisions of Table 3.0.3.
    For concrete with frost resistance, impermeability or other special requirements, the sand content should not exceed 3.0%.
    For sand used in concrete of C10 and below, the mud content can be relaxed according to the cement grade.
    The clay content in sand should comply with the provisions of Table 3.0.4.
    For concrete sand with frost resistance, impermeability or other special requirements, the clay content should not exceed 1.0%.
    For sand used in concrete of C10 and below, the clay content can be relaxed according to the cement grade.
    The solidity of 3.0.5 sand shall be tested using * solution, and the weight loss of the sample after 5 cycles shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.0.5.
    For concrete sand with requirements for fatigue resistance, wear resistance, and impact resistance, or for underground structure concrete sand with corrosive media or frequently in water level change zones, the weight loss rate of its solidity should be less than 8%.
    If the sand contains harmful substances such as mica, light matter, organic matter, sulfides, and sulfates, its content should comply with the provisions of Table 3.0.6.
    For concrete with frost resistance and impermeability requirements, the mica content in the sand should not exceed 1.0%.
    If granular sulfate or sulfide impurities are found in the sand, specialized testing must be conducted to confirm that they meet the durability requirements of concrete before use.
    3.0.7 For sand used in important engineering concrete, chemical method and mortar length method should be used for alkali reactivity testing of aggregates. When it is determined through the above inspection that there is potential harm, the following measures should be taken:
    3.0.7.1 Use cement with an alkali content of less than 0.6% or use cement that can inhibit alkali——Admixtures for aggregate reaction;
    3.0.7.2 When using additives containing potassium and sodium ions, specialized tests must be conducted.
    3.0.8 When using sea sand to prepare concrete, its chloride ion content should comply with the following regulations:
    3.0.8.1 There is no restriction on the chloride ion content in plain concrete and sea sand;
    3.0.8.2 For reinforced concrete, the chloride ion content in sea sand should not exceed 0.06% (calculated as a percentage of dry sand weight, the same below);
    3.0.8.3 Sea sand should not be used for prestressed concrete. If sea sand must be used, it should be washed with fresh water, and its chloride ion content should not exceed 0.02%.
    4. Acceptance, transportation, and stacking
    4.0.1 The supplier shall provide a product qualification certificate or quality inspection report. The purchasing unit shall inspect in batches according to the same origin and specifications. Transported by large tools such as trains, cargo ships, and cars, with 400m3 or 600t as one acceptance batch. Transported using small tools such as carriages, with 200m3 or 300t as one acceptance batch. Those who do not meet the above quantity shall be counted as one batch.
    4.0.2 Each acceptance batch shall be inspected for particle size distribution, mud content, and mud block content at least.
    If it is sea sand, its chloride ion content should also be tested. For important or special projects, additional testing items should be added according to project requirements. If there is doubt about the qualification of other indicators, they should be inspected.
    When the quality is relatively stable and the feeding amount is large, regular inspections can be conducted.
    When using sand from new sources, the supplier should conduct a comprehensive inspection according to the quality requirements in Chapter 3.
    4.0.3 The quality inspection report of the user unit should include: the commissioning unit; Sample number; Project name; Sample origin and name; Representative quantity; Testing conditions; Testing criteria; Testing items; Test results; Conclusion, etc. The format of the test report can refer to Appendix A.
    4.0.4 The quantity acceptance of sand can be calculated by weight or volume.
    The determination of weight can be based on a car scale or a ship's waterline. The measurement of volume can be based on the volume of the car or ship. When transporting with other small tools, it can be determined based on the quantity.
    During transportation, loading and unloading, and stacking of sand, segregation and impurities should be prevented, and the sand should be stacked separately according to its place of origin, type, and specifications.
    5 Sampling and Reduction
    5.1 Sampling
    5.1.1 The sampling method for each acceptance batch shall be carried out in accordance with the following regulations:
    5.1.1.1 When sampling on the material pile, the sampling locations should be evenly distributed. Remove the surface layer of the sampling area before sampling. Then, approximately equal amounts of sand were extracted from each part, totaling 8 samples, to form a set of samples;
    5.1.1.2 When sampling from the belt conveyor, a set of 4 sand samples should be taken at the discharge point at the tail of the belt conveyor at regular intervals using a feeder;
    5.1.1.3 When sampling from trains, cars, and cargo ships, take approximately equal amounts of sand from different parts and depths to form a set of samples.
    If the inspection fails, a new sample should be taken. Double the inspection of non-conforming items. If there is still one sample that cannot meet the standard requirements, it should be treated as a non-conforming product.
    Note: If it is observed that the quality of sand carried between each carriage (car, cargo ship) is significantly different, each train (car, cargo ship) with suspected quality should be sampled and inspected separately.
    5.1.3 Sampling quantity for each group of samples. For each individual experiment, the number of samples taken should not be less than the minimum specified in Table 5.1.3; When several experiments need to be conducted, if it can be ensured that the results of one experiment will not affect the results of another experiment, several different experiments can be conducted on the same group of samples.
    5.1.4 Each group of samples should be properly packaged to avoid the loss of fine materials and prevent contamination. And attach a sample card, indicating the sample number, sampling time, representative quantity, origin, sample quantity, required inspection items, and sampling method.
    5.2 Sample Reduction
    5.2.1 The sample can be reduced by one of the following two methods:
    5.2.1.1 Using a distributor (see Figure 5.2.1): Mix the sample evenly in a moist state, and then pass the sample through the distributor. Leave one portion in the receiving hopper. Repeat the above process with another sample through the distributor until the sample is reduced to the required amount for the experiment.
    5.2.1.2 Manual quartering method: Place each group of samples on a flat plate, mix them evenly in a damp state, and stack them into a layer with a thickness of about 20mm“pie”Then, along two perpendicular diameters“pie”Divide into roughly equal four parts, take the two diagonal parts and mix well again, then pile them up“pie”Repeat the above process until the amount of material after reduction slightly exceeds the amount necessary for conducting the experiment.
    5.2.2 For smaller sand samples (such as when conducting individual tests), drier raw sand samples can be used, but they should be carefully mixed and reduced in size.
    The samples used for testing the bulk density, compact density, and moisture content of sand can be tested directly after mixing without shrinkage.
    6 Inspection methods
    6.1 Sieve analysis test of sand
    6.1.1 This method is applicable for determining the particle size distribution and fineness modulus of natural sand used in ordinary concrete.
    6.1.2 The screening analysis test should use the following instruments and equipment:
    (1) Experimental sieve——Round hole sieves with apertures of 10.0, 5.00, and 2.50mm, square hole sieves with apertures of 1.25, 0.630, 0.315, and 0.160mm, as well as one sieve base and cover, with a sieve frame of 300mm or 200mm. The product quality requirements should comply with the current national standard "Test Sieve";
    (2) Balance scale——Weigh 1000g and have a sensitivity of 1g;
    (3) Shake screen machine;
    (4) Oven——Can control the temperature at 105±５℃；
    (5) Shallow and hard, soft bristled brushes, etc.
    6.1.3 Sample preparation shall comply with the following regulations:
    According to the reduction method in section 5.2, the particle size of the sample used for sieve analysis should not exceed 10mm. Before the experiment, the sample should be sieved through a 10mm sieve and the residual percentage should be calculated. Then weigh two samples of not less than 550g each, pour them into two shallow plates, and place them in 105±５℃Dry to a constant weight at a certain temperature. Cool to room temperature for later use.
    Note: Constant weight refers to the situation where the difference between two consecutive weighings is less than the required weighing accuracy for the test, with an interval of no more than 3 hours between each weighing.
    6.1.4 The sieve analysis test should be conducted according to the following steps:
    6.1.4.1 Accurately weigh 500g of the dried sample and place it on the top sieve (i.e. 5mm sieve) of the sieve arranged in order of sieve size (large holes on top, small holes on bottom); Install the sieve into the shaker and tighten it tightly, with a screening time of about 10 minutes; Then take out the sieve set and manually sieve one by one on a clean shallow plate according to the size of the sieve holes, until the screened amount per minute does not exceed 0.1% of the total sample. The particles that pass through are merged into the next sieve and sieved together with the samples in the next sieve. Repeat this process in this order until each sieve is completely screened;
    Note:①When the sample is ultra-fine sand, add a 0.080 square hole sieve during screening.
    ②If the mud content of the sample exceeds 5%, it should be washed with water first, then dried to constant weight, and then screened.
    ③When there is no shaking screen, a hand screen can be used instead.
    During arbitration, the residual amount of the sample on each sieve shall not exceed (6.1.4)—1) Quantity of formula:
    Otherwise, the sieve residue sample should be divided into two parts, sieved again, and the sum of their sieve residues should be taken as the sieve residue.
    6.1.4.3 Weigh the weight of each sieve residue sample (accurate to 1g), and the total amount of sieve residue and residue in the chassis of all sieves shall not differ by more than 1% from the total amount of samples before sieving.
    6.1.5 The screening analysis test results should be calculated according to the following steps:
    6.1.5.1 Calculate the sieve residue percentage (the percentage of sieve residue on each sieve divided by the total amount of the sample), accurate to 0.1%;
    6.1.5.2 Calculate the cumulative sieve residue percentage (the sum of the sieve residue percentage on the sieve and the sieve residue percentage on each sieve greater than the sieve), accurate to 1%;
    6.1.5.3 Evaluate the particle size distribution of the sample based on the cumulative residual percentage of each sieve;
    6.1.5.4 Calculate the fineness modulus of sand according to the following formulaMF (accurate to 0.01);
    6.1.5.5 The screening test should use two parallel samples for testing. The fineness modulus is measured as the arithmetic mean of two test results (accurate to 0.1). If the difference in fineness modulus between two experiments is greater than 0.20, a new sample should be taken for testing.
    6.2 Apparent Density Test of Sand (Standard Method)
    6.2.1 This method is applicable for determining the apparent density of sand.
    6.2.2 The apparent density test should use the following instruments and equipment:
    (1) Balance scale——Weigh 1000g and have a sensitivity of 1g;
    (2) Capacity bottle——５００ｍ Ｌ；
    (3) Dryers, trays, aluminum spoons, thermometers, etc;
    (4) Oven——Can control the temperature at 105±５℃；
    (5) Beaker——５００ｍ Ｌ。
    6.2.3 Sample preparation shall comply with the following regulations:
    Reduce the sample to around 650g at a temperature of 105±５℃Dry to constant weight in an oven and cool to room temperature in a dryer.
    6.2.4 The apparent density test should be conducted according to the following steps:
    6.2.4.1 Weigh 300g (m0) of the dried sample and transfer it into a volumetric flask containing half a bottle of cold boiled water;
    6.2.4.2 Shake the volumetric flask and stir the sample thoroughly in water to eliminate bubbles. Tighten the stopper and let it stand for about 24 hours. Then use a dropper to add water until the water surface is level with the neck mark, then tighten the bottle stopper, dry the outside of the bottle, and weigh it (m1);
    6.2.4.3 Pour out the water and sample from the bottle, clean the inner and outer surfaces of the bottle, and then inject water into the bottle that does not differ by more than 2 degrees from the water temperature specified in 6.2.4.2℃Bring cold water to the bottleneck mark. Tighten the bottle stopper, dry the outside of the bottle, and weigh it (m2).
    Note: During the apparent density test of sand, the temperature of water should be measured and controlled, and the weighing of each item in the test can be within 15 degrees Celsius℃～２５℃Within the temperature range. From 2 hours after the sample is left to stand with water until the end of the test, the temperature difference should not exceed 2 degrees Celsius℃.
    6.2.5 Apparent DensityρIt should be calculated according to the following formula (accurate to 10kg)/ｍ３）：
    Take the arithmetic mean of two test results as the measurement value, if the difference between the two results is greater than 20kg/When m3 is present, a new sample should be taken for testing.
    6.3 Apparent Density Test of Sand (Simple Method)
    6.3.1 This method is applicable for determining the apparent density of sand.
    6.3.2 The following instruments and equipment should be used to determine the apparent density using this method:
    (1) Balance scale——Weigh 100g, with a sensitivity of 0.1g;
    (2) Li's bottle——Capacity 250mL;
    (3) Refer to section 6.2.2 for other instruments and equipment.
    6.3.3 Sample preparation shall comply with the following regulations:
    Reduce the sample to around 120g using the quartering method in a moist state, and then add it to 105±５℃Dry to constant weight in an oven and cool to room temperature in a dryer, then divide into roughly equal portions for later use.
    6.3.4 The determination of apparent density using this method should be carried out according to the following steps:
    6.3.4.1 Inject cold water into the Li's bottle until a certain mark is reached, wipe off the water adhering inside the bottle neck, and record the volume of water (V1);
    Weigh 50g (m0) of the dried sample and slowly place it into a Li's bottle filled with water;
    6.3.4.3 After all the samples are put into the bottle, wash the samples adhered to the bottle neck and wall with water inside the bottle, shake the Li's bottle to eliminate bubbles, let it stand for about 24 hours, and record the volume (V2) of the bottle after the water level rises.
    Note: During the apparent density test of sand, the temperature of water should be measured and controlled, allowing for a range of 15-25 degrees Celsius℃The volume measurement shall be conducted within the temperature range, but the temperature difference between the two volume measurements (referring to V1 and V2) shall not exceed 2℃.
    From 2 hours after the sample is left to stand with water, until the water level in the bottle is recorded to rise, the temperature difference should not exceed 2 degrees Celsius℃.
    6.3.5 Apparent DensityρIt should be calculated according to the following formula (accurate to 10kg)/ｍ３）：
    6.4 Water absorption test of sand
    6.4.1 This method is applicable for determining the water absorption rate of sand, that is, to determine the saturated surface dry water absorption rate based on the dry weight.
    6.4.2 The following instruments and equipment should be used for the moisture content test:
    (1) Balance scale——Weigh 1000g and have a sensitivity of 1g;
    (2) Saturated surface dry test mold and weight approximately 340±15g steel rammer (see Figure 6.4.2);
    6.4.3 Sample preparation shall comply with the following regulations:
    The preparation of saturated surface dry samples involves reducing the sample to about 1000g using a quartering method in a moist state, mixing it evenly, and dividing it into two parts. Each part is then placed in a shallow dish or other suitable container and filled with clean water until the water level is about 20mm above the surface of the sample (the water temperature is controlled at 20mm)±５℃）. Stir continuously with a glass rod for 5 minutes to eliminate bubbles. After standing for 24 hours, carefully pour out the water from the sample and use a straw to remove any remaining water. Spread the sample out in the tray, slowly blow warm air with a handheld hair dryer, and continuously mix the sample to evenly evaporate the moisture on the sand surface in all parts. Then, the sample is loosely filled into the saturated surface dry test mold at once, and compacted 25 times. The end face of the compacting rod is not more than 10mm away from the surface of the sample, and it is allowed to fall freely. After compaction, the gap left does not need to be filled again, and the test mold is slowly lifted from the vertical direction. If the trial mold shows 6.4.3—(a) When in shape, it indicates that there is still surface water in the sand. It should continue to be dried with warm air according to the above method and tested until the test mold is lifted and the sample shows Figure 6.4.3—(b) Until the shape. After the trial mold is lifted, the sample shows Figure 6.4.3—(c) If the shape of the sample is too dry, it indicates that the sample has been excessively dried. At this time, the sample should be sprinkled with about 55mL of water, thoroughly mixed, and placed in a covered container for 30 minutes. Then, the test should be carried out according to the above method until the sample reaches the level shown in Figure 6.4.3—(b) Until the shape.
    6.4.4 The water absorption test should be conducted according to the following steps:
    Immediately weigh 500g of saturated dry sample and place it in a cup of known weight (m1) at a temperature of 105 ° C±５℃Dry in an oven to a constant weight and cool to room temperature in a dryer, then weigh the total weight (m2) of the dry sample and beaker.
    6.4.5 Water absorption rateOhｗalphaIt should be calculated according to the following formula (accurate to 0.1%):
    The arithmetic mean of two test results shall be taken as the measurement value. If the difference between the two results is greater than 0.2%, a new sample shall be taken for testing.
    6.5 Sand Bulk Density and Tightness Density Test
    6.5.1 This method is applicable for determining the bulk density, compact density, and porosity of sand.
    6.5.2 The following instruments and equipment should be used for bulk density and compact density tests:
    (1) Case scale——Weigh 5000g and have a sensitivity of 5g;
    (2) Capacity cylinder——Made of metal, cylindrical, with an inner diameter of 108mm, a net height of 109mm, a cylinder wall thickness of 2mm, a volume of approximately 1L, and a cylinder bottom thickness of 5mm;
    (3) Funnel (see Figure 6.5.2) or aluminum spoon;
    (4) Oven——Can control the temperature at 105±５℃；
    (5) Straight rulers, shallow plates, etc.
    6.5.3 Sample preparation shall comply with the following regulations:
    Place approximately 3L of the sample in a shallow tray at a temperature of 105 ° C±５℃Dry in an oven to a constant weight, remove and cool to room temperature, then sieve through a 5mm sieve and divide into roughly equal portions for later use. If there are lumps on the sample after drying, it should be crushed before the test.
    6.5.4 The bulk density and compact density tests should be conducted according to the following steps:
    6.5.4.1 Bulk Density: Take a sample and slowly load it into a capacity cylinder using a funnel or aluminum spoon (the distance between the funnel discharge port or spoon and the capacity cylinder mouth should not exceed 50mm) until the sample is filled and exceeds the capacity cylinder mouth. Then use a ruler to scrape the excess sample flat in two opposite directions along the centerline of the cylinder mouth,Calculate the volume of the cylinder using the formula:
    Appendix A Sand Testing Report Form
    Appendix B Explanation of Vocabulary in this Specification
    B. 0.1 In order to facilitate the differential treatment of terms with different levels of strictness when implementing the provisions of this standard, the following is an explanation:
    B. 0.1.1 is very strict, and it is necessary to use the following words:
    Positive words used“must”；
    Negative word usage“Strictly prohibited”.
    B. 0.1.2 indicates strictness, which should be done under normal circumstances:
    Positive words used“should”；
    Negative word usage“should not”or“must not”.
    B. 0.1.3 allows for a slight choice, and when conditions permit, the first thing to do is to use the following wording:
    Positive words used“suitable”or“can”；
    Negative word usage“not advisable”.
    B. The wording indicating that other relevant standards and specifications should be followed in Article 0.2 is as follows:“Should be pressed……execute”or“Comply with……Requirement (or regulation)”The writing style that does not necessarily follow the standards and specifications is“Refer to……Requirements (or regulations)”.
    Additional notes
    The chief editor and participating units of this standard
    List of main drafters
    Editor in Chief: China Academy of Building Research
    Participating unit: Shaanxi Academy of Building Science Research and Design
    Heilongjiang Low Temperature Building Research Institute
    China Construction Fourth Engineering Bureau Research and Design Institute
    Sichuan Academy of Building Science Research and Design
    Fujian Provincial Institute of Architectural Research
    Shanghai Construction Engineering Materials Company
    Shandong Academy of Building Sciences
    Construction Research Institute of the Ministry of Metallurgy
    Henan Building Materials Research and Design Institute
    Main drafter: Lu Jianwen Tian Guiru Zhang Zhao Zhou Yuncan Xiong Zongming Li Sulan He Xiquan Shen Yi Geng Jiayi Baiyun Han Wu Ruijin