DHM510-0001-002 encoder in small stock

DHM510-0001-002 encoder in small stock

An encoder is a device that encodes and converts signals or data into a signal format that can be used for communication, transmission, and storage. The encoder converts angular displacement or linear displacement into electrical signals, the former is called a code wheel, and the latter is called a code ruler. According to the reading method, the encoder can be divided into two types: contact type and non-contact type. Contact type uses electric brush output, and one electric brush contacts the conductive or insulating area to indicate whether the code state is' 1 'or' 0 '; The non-contact receiving sensitive element is a photosensitive element or a magnetic sensitive element. When using a photosensitive element, the state of the code is represented by a transparent area and a non transparent area to indicate whether it is' 1 'or' 0 '. The collected physical signal is converted into a machine-readable electrical signal for communication, transmission, and storage through binary encoding of' 1 'and' 0 '.

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effect

A measuring element that converts the relative displacement between two planar windings into an electrical signal using the principle of electromagnetic induction, used in length measurement tools. Induction synchronizers (commonly known as encoders or grating rulers) are divided into two types: linear and rotary. The former consists of a fixed ruler and a sliding ruler, used for measuring linear displacement; The latter consists of a stator and a rotor, used for measuring angular displacement. In 1957, R.W. Tripp and others in the United States obtained an induction synchronizer, originally named a position measurement transformer. Induction synchronizer was its product name, initially used for radar antenna positioning and automatic tracking, guidance, etc. In mechanical manufacturing, induction synchronizers are commonly used in positioning feedback systems for digital control machine tools, machining centers, and measurement digital display systems for coordinate measuring machines, boring machines, etc. It has low requirements for environmental conditions and can work normally in environments with a small amount of dust and oil mist. The period of the continuous winding on the fixed length is 2 millimeters. There are two windings on the slide ruler, with the same period as on the fixed ruler, but offset by 1/4 period (with an electrical phase difference of 90 °). There are two working modes of induction synchronizers: phase detection and amplitude detection. The former is to input two AC voltages U1 and U2 with a phase difference of 90 ° and the same frequency and amplitude into the two windings on the slider. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the winding on the fixed length will generate an induced potential U. If the slider moves relative to the fixed length, the phase of U will change accordingly. After amplification, it can be compared, subdivided, and counted with U1 and U2 to obtain the displacement of the slider. In the amplitude discrimination type, the input to the slider winding is an AC voltage with the same frequency and phase but different amplitudes. The displacement of the slider can also be obtained based on the amplitude changes of the input and output voltages. The system composed of an induction synchronizer and electronic components such as amplification, shaping, phase comparison, subdivision, counting, and display is called an induction synchronizer measurement system. Its length measurement accuracy can reach 3 micrometers/1000 millimeters, and angle measurement accuracy can reach 1 ″/360 °.

classification

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incremental

An incremental encoder converts displacement into a periodic electrical signal, which is then converted into count pulses to represent the magnitude of displacement in terms of the number of pulses.

formula

Each position of the encoder corresponds to a specific digital code, so its indication is only related to the starting and ending positions of the measurement, and not to the intermediate process of the measurement. (REP)

Installation and Usage

Mechanical installation and use of rotary encoders:

There are various forms of mechanical installation for rotary encoders, including high-speed end installation, low-speed end installation, and auxiliary mechanical device installation.

High speed end installation: Installed on the shaft end of the power motor (or gear connection), this method has the advantage of high resolution. Due to the 4096 turns of the multi turn encoder, the number of motor rotations within this range can be fully utilized to improve resolution. The disadvantage is that there is gear clearance error in the back and forth travel of moving objects after passing through the deceleration gear. It is generally used for one-way high-precision control positioning, such as roll gap control in steel rolling. In addition, the encoder is directly installed at the high-speed end, and the motor vibration must be small, otherwise it is easy to damage the encoder.

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Low speed end installation: Installed after the reduction gear, such as the shaft end of the winch wire rope drum or the shaft end of the section reduction gear, this method has no gear backlash, and the measurement is more direct and accurate. This method generally measures long-distance positioning, such as various lifting equipment, feeding trolley positioning, etc.

Installation of auxiliary machinery:

Commonly used ones include gears and racks, chain belts, friction wheels, rope winding machinery, etc.

working principle

A photoelectric encoder with a central axis, which has circular markings for light and dark, is read by photoelectric emitting and receiving devices to obtain four sets of sine wave signals combined into A, B, C, and D. Each sine wave has a phase difference of 90 degrees (360 degrees relative to one cycle), and the C and D signals are reversed and superimposed on the A and B phases to enhance stable signals; Additionally, output a Z-phase pulse for each revolution to represent the zero reference position.

Due to the 90 degree difference between phase A and phase B, the forward and reverse rotation of the encoder can be determined by comparing whether phase A is ahead or phase B. By using the zero position pulse, the zero position reference position of the encoder can be obtained. The materials of encoder encoders include glass, metal, and plastic. Glass encoders deposit very thin engraved lines on glass, which has good thermal stability and high accuracy. Metal encoders directly engrave lines with or without lines, which are not fragile. However, due to the thickness of metal, the accuracy is limited, and its thermal stability is one order of magnitude worse than that of glass. Plastic encoders are economical and have low cost, but their accuracy, thermal stability, and lifespan are all inferior.

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signal output

The signal output includes sine wave (current or voltage), square wave (TTL, HTL), open collector (PNP, NPN), and various forms of push-pull, among which TTL is a long line differential drive (symmetrical A, A -); B,B-; Z. Z -), HTL also known as push-pull or push-pull output, the signal receiving device interface of the encoder should correspond to the encoder.

Signal connection - The pulse signal of the encoder is generally connected to a counter PLC、 Computers, PLCs, and modules connected to computers can be divided into low-speed modules and high-speed modules, with switch frequencies ranging from low to high.

As a single-phase connection, it is used for one-way counting and speed measurement.

A. B two-phase connection, used for counting forward and reverse directions, determining forward and reverse directions, and measuring speed.

A. B, Z three-phase connection, used for position measurement with reference position correction.

A. A -, B -, Z - connections, due to the connection with symmetrical negative signals, the current contributes zero electromagnetic field to the cable, with minimal attenuation and optimal anti-interference, and can transmit over long distances.

For TTL encoders with symmetrical negative signal output, the signal transmission distance can reach 150 meters.

For HTL encoders with symmetrical negative signal output, the signal transmission distance can reach 300 meters.

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Encoder fault classification

⑴ Encoder malfunction: refers to the failure of the encoder's components, which prevents it from generating and outputting the correct waveform. In this case, it is necessary to replace the encoder or repair its internal components.

⑵ Encoder connection cable fault: The probability of this fault occurring is often encountered during maintenance and should be a priority factor to consider. Usually, it is due to open circuit, short circuit or poor contact of the encoder cable, in which case the cable or connector needs to be replaced. Special attention should also be paid to whether the loosening caused by loose cable fixation leads to welding or circuit breaking. In this case, the cable should be clamped tightly.

⑶ Encoder+5V power supply drop: refers to the situation where the+5V power supply is too low, usually not lower than 4.75V. The reason for the low voltage is due to power supply failure or excessive resistance of the power transmission cable, which causes losses. In this case, the power supply needs to be repaired or the cable needs to be replaced.

⑷ Encoder battery voltage drop: This fault usually has a clear alarm meaning, and the battery needs to be replaced. If the reference point position memory is lost, the operation of returning to the reference point must also be performed.

⑸ Encoder cable shielding wire not connected or detached: This will introduce interference signals, make the waveform unstable, and affect the accuracy of communication. It is necessary to ensure reliable welding and grounding of the shielding wire.

⑹ Loose installation of encoder: This fault can affect the accuracy of position control, causing excessive positional deviation during stopping and movement, and even generating servo system overload alarm as soon as the machine is turned on. Please pay special attention.

⑺ Grating contamination can cause a decrease in signal output amplitude, and the oil stains must be gently wiped off with a degreasing cotton.

If you are interested in this product or similar solutions, please contact BEI China sales supplier Paiyi (Shanghai) Measurement Technology Co., Ltd.

DHM510-0001-002 encoder in small stock

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DHM510-0001-002 encoder in small stock