Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental problem, and its traces can be found in deep-sea sediments and human blood.1-material materialAs the source and key carrier for the treatment of microplastics, it is necessary to establish a multi-dimensional response system through the full chain innovation of "source reduction intermediate interception end degradation" to fundamentally alleviate this ecological crisis.

The research and application of source substitution materials is the first line of defense for pollution control. For disposable plastic products, bio based materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) can be promoted. These materials are made from renewable resources such as corn starch and straw, and can be decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by microorganisms in the natural environment. Their mechanical properties are similar to traditional plastics, making them suitable for tableware, packaging, and other scenarios. For microplastic abrasive particles in cosmetics and detergents, natural alternative materials such as walnut shell powder, oat particles and other plant-based abrasives, or biodegradable inorganic materials such as nano-sized silica, should be used to eliminate microplastic emissions at the formulation level.

The structural optimization of existing materials can reduce the detachment of microplastics. In the textile industry, synthetic fibers are one of the main sources of microplastics. By improving the spinning process and controlling the fiber diameter to 10 microns or using island spinning technology to prepare ultrafine fibers, degradable binders can be added to reduce the amount of fiber shedding during the washing process. At the same time, applying environmentally friendly coatings such as polydopamine on the surface of the fabric enhances the bonding strength between fibers, and when combined with specialized filtering and washing bags, can reduce the release of microplastics during clothing washing by more than 60%. For plastic packaging, a co extrusion composite structure is used to combine the easily degradable layer with the wear-resistant layer, which can extend the service life and reduce the generation of microplastic fragments caused by damage.

Degradation promotion1-material materialTechnological breakthroughs accelerate end of pipe resolution. Regarding the existing microplastics in the environment, luminescent catalytic degradation materials can be developed, such as loading photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide on activated carbon or ceramic carriers to make water treatment filter materials. Under ultraviolet irradiation, microplastics can be decomposed into small molecule organic compounds. In marine environments, slow-release biodegradable agents can be released, which contain microbial communities that can specifically decompose difficult to degrade plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene. In addition, by using material modification technology and adding biodegradation promoters to traditional plastics, the degradation cycle of plastics in the natural environment can be shortened from hundreds of years to 5-10 years.

The improvement of material recycling and circulation system helps to close the loop of resources. Developing efficient separation materials, such as nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning, utilizing their high specific surface area and electrostatic adsorption to accurately capture microplastic particles from wastewater and soil, with a capture efficiency of over 95%. At the same time, promote plastic chemical recycling technology, convert waste plastics into chemical raw materials through catalytic cracking, achieve the recycling of "plastics raw materials new plastics", reduce the production demand of raw plastics, and lower the production base of microplastics from the source.

To address the crisis of microplastic pollution, the materials industry needs to balance environmental performance and practical value, and promote the iterative upgrading of the material system through technological innovation. Only by1-material materialOnly by combining innovation with policy guidance and public participation can a comprehensive microplastic pollution prevention and control network be established to safeguard the sustainable development of the ecological environment.