Rotating ring/disk electrode device

Rotating ring/disk electrode device

1.1 Production principle

rotating disk/Ring diskelectrodeMainly based on fluid dynamics and electrochemical principles. When the electrode rotates at a certain angular velocity under the drive of the motor, it will drive the surrounding electrolyte to generate forced convection, causing the electrolyte to form a very thin diffusion layer on the surface of the electrode. The thickness of the diffusion layer can be controlled by the rotation speed of the electrode. According to the Levich equation, the thickness of the diffusion layer is proportional to the square root of the electrode rotation speedagainstCompared to. In the electrochemical process, reactants are transported from the electrolyte body to the electrode surface through the diffusion layer, and undergo electrochemical oxidation or reduction reactions on the electrode surface. This special design enables the rotating disk electrode device to accurately control the material transfer process, thereby achieving precise measurement of electrode reaction kinetics parameters.Used in conjunction with electrochemical workstations, it is widely used in application fields such as chemical power sources, electroplating, metal corrosion, and electrochemical technology research. Typical applications include:

lResearch and evaluation of hydrogen fuel cell catalysts;

lResearch on lithium air batteries;

lElectrochemical kinetics research;

lResearch on Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER);

lEvaluation and research of corrosion inhibitors;

lResearch on corrosion potential of metal materials, etc.

1.1.1Instrument Features

1. Speed reading: LED display. Rotate the knob on the control panel left and right to adjust the speed, with a range of 50 to 9500 RPM and a display error of00.01%.

2. Speed controlCan be manually controlled by turning the knob directly on the control panel; alsoThe speed can be controlled by inputting external signals (from the electrochemical workstation),1 V is equivalent to 1000 rpm,The output voltage is proportional to the rotational speed

3. Conclusion Structure: The device structure is a split type control, divided intoThe controller and rotator are two parts, toEasy to place in glove box or use for other purposes. The height of the main body of the rotator425mm， Easy to move up and down, connected to various specifications of electrolytic cells, to complete different testing requirements, such as electrode immersion or removal experiments.

4. Rotate turn Rod: High quality stainless steel+high-density insulation material, length 170mm , diameter156mm， Can be equipped with PINE working electrodes. Suitable for various electrolytic cells, convenient for use with other instruments

5The base adoptsGood corrosion resistance and oxidation resistanceof304 Stainless steel material. It can be conveniently placed in a glove box for conducting research on non-aqueous systems.

6. Plate/Ring electrode: designed with external threads for better contact and stable signal transmission. The outer insulation protective sleeve is made of two materials, PTFE and PEEK, to adapt to different applications. Disk electrodeThere are various types of ring electrodes availableMaterial production, geometric dimensions, and multiple specifications to meet different testing requirements.

7Electricity solution Pool: Users can choose standard electrolytic cells, such asFive mouth pool, there are also various specifications of five mouth pool0ml、100ml、150ml, available in double-layer and single-layer options, or self-designed.

1.2. Instrument settings

After carefully unpacking the instrument, immediately check if the contents of the packaging box match the packing list and confirm if there is any damage.

1.2.1 Installation environment

1. Use a non tidal power supply. Other laboratory equipment such as ovens, vortex mixers, centrifuges, and large motors may cause power spike interference. 2. Ensure that all components of the system share the same grounding line. It is best to plug all components into a multi socket distribution panel. When components are plugged into separate distribution panels, it is easy to generate grounding circuits and cause baseline noise

3. Place the RRDE-9A controller and rotator on stable workbenches without any vibration.

4. Choose a room that can maintain a stable temperature throughout the day. Avoid installing RRDE-9A near window ventilation ducts, ovens, and refrigerators. To achieve very accurate measurements, it is necessary to usedouble-layerglassGlass sample cup.

5. RRDE-9A should be far away from any complex and crowded places. Especially when performing high-sensitivity work, remote control and independent secluded places are excellent.

6. Avoid very dry and carpeted areas. Static electricity can affect the performance of instruments. If the generated static charge is the cause of peak interference, anti-static floor mats and workbench mats will solve the problemDefinitely helpful.

7. Avoid areas with radio frequency interference. Buzzer type calling machines may causedrySignal disturbance issue occurred.

reminder:

WhenRRDE-9When the power supply of A is in the ON state, do not touch the motor shaft and stop ititsrotate If the circuit board fuse inside the device is blown, the instrument will not work.

1.2.2Back panel control and remote connection:

picture2-1 Names of components in the back panel:

1.remote controlconnection port

2. Power cord socket

3. Grounding terminal

4. Measure the intake connection inlet for purging the measuring pool (used to connect with the external gas supply pipeline)AttentionThe maximum intake pressure is 5 psi

5. Connect to the measurement pool for purging gas

6. Connect the protective gas to the measurement pool

7. Data line interface end between controller and rotator

1.2.3Remote control port description

1：IN,2:GND。A pair of combination interfaces, which are connected to this interface with a voltage output of 0-9V from the remote control port of the combined instrument (CHI/ALS, etc.). Each 1 volt corresponds to 1000RPM (1000rpm)/1V), For example, if the remote control voltage is 3.6V, the rotation speed is 3600RPM/s.Remember: The remote control voltage should not exceed 10V.

3：OUT,4:GND。A pair of combination interfaces, with TTL level output from the remote control port of the combined instrument (CHI/ALS, etc.) connected to this interface to control the start and stop of RRDE-6A rotation. High level (3.6-5V) starts rotation and low level stops rotation. The rotation speed is controlled by the voltage of pins 1 and 2. RRDE-6ARemote control interfaceInternal pins 2, 4, 7, and 8 are connected, while pin 4 can be left unconnected. When the combined instrument only has one set of output ports, as shown in the left figure above, connect pins 3 and 4 with a wire.

5：Purage。Can be combined with all GNDs,The remote control port of the combined instrument (CHI/ALS, etc.) outputs TTL level and connects it to this interface to control the start and stop of RRDE-6A deoxygenation gas. High level (3.6-5V) connects deoxygenation gas, and low level closes deoxygenation gas. When the combined instrument only has one set of output ports, as shown in the figure on the right, a wire can be used to connect them4and5Two foot connection.

6, 7, 8: GND.

(Like other combined instruments)The level signal of the remote control interface does not match RRDE-6A. Please call or write to our company to adjust it free of charge according to the requirements.）

1.2.4 Connection Method between RRDE-9A and Potentiometer

picture2-3：Disk electrode/Connection between ring electrode and electrochemical instrument

1. Top surface of rotatorDisk electrode interface, directly connected to the port of the electrochemical workstation

2. Top surface of rotatorRing electrode interface, directly connected to the port of the electrochemical workstation

3. The interface end of the data line between the top surface of the rotator and the controller

1.2.5Gas inlet connection

picture2-4RRDE-6A Gas inlet connection

RRDE-9Awith3mmOuter diameter polyethylene pipe and gas pipeline joint. Insert one end of the connector into RRDE-9Arear”Air inlet "Interface end.The interface end is a metal nut. When connected, on the rightTighten the metal nut by hand. The open end of the PTFE tube is connected to a stable gas supply source, and the inlet gas pressure must not exceed 5psi. (See figure)2-4）.

To obtain from RRDE-9Remove the connected trachea from A, simply turn the left interface cap, and then connect the connector with the trachea from RRDE-9Pull off the gas interface terminal of A.

1.2.6Blowing gas pipeline connection:

RRDE-9ACapable of blowing the sample solution with inert gas. Purging gas treatment usually involves introducing nitrogen or nitrogen into a solution and using a bubbling method to dissolve oxygen. The blowing gas pipeline consists of two polytetrafluoroethylene small tubes on the rear panel. Take out the blowing air pipe from the rear panel and connect it to the corresponding position of the electrolytic cell.

Warning:

Before electrochemical testing, the sample solution should be subjected to a blowing and bubbling treatment using the blowing control function on the panel. Effective gas purging treatment is achieved by using the gas interface connected to the rear panel for ventilationCompleted in 15 minutes. To avoid the solution being sprayed out by airflow oroverflowTake out the sample cup and blow the total gas source inlet for purgingvalveBefore opening, please turn the knob clockwiseto, toward, at, facingscrew all the way down，After opening the intake valve, turn the knob counterclockwiseslowlyUnscrew and observe at the same timelooksample溶The state of gas bubbling in the liquid, and stopping when the bubbling state is appropriatestoprotateturnIf you want to decidequantityIf the gas flow rate is controlled, the userCan be connected to an external gas source andRRDE-9A BackboardInstall gas flow meters between gas inlets (our company)Product Code: 6AP017）This not only controls the blowing time but also improves the blowing gas treatmenteffectrate

1.2.7Electrode installation

Before disassembling and assembling the electrode, it should be done firstRRDE-9A installationplaceTurn off the power, everyoneaLead wires connecting all electrodes on the electrode (reference electrode, counter electrode, ring/disk electrode) to the potential metershouldIt should be dismantled first. Then loosen the white in a counterclockwise directionPolytetrafluoroethyleneOn the platebrightTighten the screw with a colored hand and move the motor and rotating shaft assembly upwards as a whole until the rotating working electrode is located in the electric fieldsolutionAbove the pool cover, andtwisttightPolytetrafluoroethyleneOn the platebrightColor hand tight screw, solidPosition yourself properlyplace. Then presssmoothRotate the rotating shaft assembly of the motor clockwise to45Position around degrees.The working electrode is achieved throughtwistConnecting in rotationaxisOn componentsCarefully unscrew the electrode counterclockwise from the shaft to remove the working electrode.

picture2-5. Remove the working electrode from the rotator

1. Rotator

2. Positioning screw

3. Rotation axis

4. Positioning rod

5. Locking seat

1. Loosen the two positioning screws with both hands separately

2. Hold the rotator with your left hand and push it upwards along the positioning rod until the electrode at the end of the rotation axis exposes the top surface of the test cell

3. Move away from the testing pool with your right hand

4. Use your right hand to move the locking seat up to the protrusion of the rotator until it falls into the groove of the locking seat.

5. Tighten the positioning screws with both hands

6. Remove the electrode by turning it left from the end of the rotating shaft.

7. On the contrary, install the working electrode onto the rotating shaft

1.2.8 Names of components on the front panel of RRDE-9A controller

picture2-6RRDE-9A controllerfront panel

1.3Initial operation of the instrument

After all connections on the front, back, and top surfaces of the controller and rotator are completed, please follow the steps below to connect them when using an electrochemical analyzer or potentiostat for the first time.

1. Press the power switch on the front panel to the OFF ("O") position

2. Loosen and remove the electrode.

3.Translate into EnglishPolishing treatment of electrodes

4. Connect the working electrode to the motor shaft again.Apply some force to make it press against the axis of rotationThe inner core, especially when using ring electrodes, requires the top surface of the working electrode to contact the contact pin of the rotating shaft.

5. Place the test solution into the measuring cup. The solution commonly used for testing is one containing 2 mMK₃ [Fe(CN) ₆]/1M KCLThe solution is about 65mL

Press the power switch on the front to ONI”)The location.

7. Insert the reference and counter electrodes into the two holes on the cover of the measuring cup, and connect the electrode leads. Start blowing the solution with inert gas according to the blowing gas operation steps. For the initial experiment, blowing treatment for 5-10 minutes is sufficient. Attention, please carefully adjust the gas pressure.

8. Adjust the position of the rotator and position the working electrode at the end of the rotating shaftimmersePut it into the solution. When the rotation control switch is placed in the 'LOCAL' position and the well rotates at 1000 rpm or higher, immerse it in the solution and remove the bubbles adsorbed on the electrode surface by centrifugal force.

9. Insert the purge tube into the electrolytic cell and blow inert gas into the solution.

When performing manual control operations, please place the rotary switch in the 'LOCAL' position. When remote control is required, please place the rotary switch in the 'REMOTE' position.

11. In remote controlcontrolUnder the given conditions, rotate the working electrode according to the software settings

12. After the test run, adjust the position of the rotator and raise the position of the rotating shaft to make the working electrode leave the solution. The working electrode can be washed or polished as required.

Note:

The range of rotational speed for RRDE-9A is 50 to 9500 rpm

2. Please wait until the liquid display (LCD) of RRDE-9A shows stability before conducting electrochemical measurementsStable time, about 5 minutes.

Due to the influence of room temperature, it sometimes takes several minutes for low-speed rotation to start and stabilize. ,

4. The constant potential meter controlled by the voltage output of the electrochemical workstation can be used for remote control of speed or purging gas.

5. If rotating at high speed，Possible occurrence around the electrode rotation axisrotateVortex causes oxygen in the air to dissolve in the solution, and high-speed rotation may also lead tomakeCausing chaosFlow and cause noise signals in the data.

6. To extend the motor andcarbon brushPlease try your best to extend your lifespanTranslate into EnglishSet the speed below 3000 rpm for use

7. Please make sure to use itlazyPerform blowing and bubbling treatment on sexual gases. Do not use explosive gases such as chlorine gas to avoid the danger of chlorine gas leakage, explosion, and fire

During the rotation process, sometimes there is a mechanical sound of the electric motor rotatingsoundIt will make noise, and if there is no noise offset in the data, it can be considered that it has no impact on the measurement.

1.4.distantControl operation

External devices can be accessed throughThe control connection port of RRDE-9A enables remote control of rotation and blowing air. RRDE-9A is designed with consideration了It can be achieved through a potential meter, such asDonghua Analysis DH7001A Single Constant Potentiometer/DH7003Pine Computer-Controlled BipotentiostatorShanghai ChenhuaCHI7600Series electrochemical workstationThe corresponding software is used for remote control. Please confirm that the power is turned off when the instrument is not in use.

These remote control functions can be controlled by aTTL level signal or any controller activated from providing contact closure to ground. All circuits are activated at low level (triggered by negative edge)).

1.5. Instrument maintenance and electrode surface restoration

RRDE-9A is a very sturdy and durable instrument that can be used normally for many years with proper daily maintenance. The following are precautions for extending the service life of the instrument and general maintenance precautions. Do not touch the RRDE-9A shaft assembly when the power switch is turned on

1. Operate according to good laboratory practices.

2. Clean the instrumentand itsIf there is any leakage nearby, especially salt solution, please remove it immediately.

3. Avoid placing the device in a corrosive gas environment.

To prevent any looseness of components or sub components, please avoidFalling from a high placeVibration or other forms of mechanical abuse behavior

5. After use, clean the trachea (rinse and dry).

6. Disassembly or replacementelectrolysisWhen using a cup, do not bend the electrode, as repeated bending may cause the platinum wire to bendsilkThe fracture

1.7. Appendix (Rotating Electrodes and Others)Attachment)

1.7.1Rotating rod

picture2-6 rotation axis

As shown in the diagram. The rotating electrode is made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel and high-quality insulation material. Can be equipped with PINE electrodes.

1.7.2Rotating working electrode

The ring and disk electrodes listed below areWorking electrode electrode for RRDE-9A rotating ring disk electrode device.

The insulation part uses PEEK resin material that is resistant to organic solvents, which can be used for 6AP017 Electric Aurora Kit for Light Polishing

The following is the ring electrode

※1:Polytetrafluoroethylene ring as a spacerRing embedded rotating disk electrode (RRDE).

※2: Please notemeaningThere is nothing inside the electrodeAny adhesive or paste filling.

※3: The polishing process based on working electrodes may result in differences in the length of each electrode.

※4: The middle disk material can be glassy carbon(GC)、 platinum(Pt)、 gold(Au)， It can also be customized.

※5: The ring material is platinum(Pt

Below is the disk electrode

※1:Polytetrafluoroethylene ring as a spacerRing embedded rotating disk electrode (RDE).

※2: Please notemeaningThere is nothing inside the electrodeAny adhesive or paste filling.

※3: The polishing process based on working electrodes may result in differences in the length of each electrode.

※The disk material in the middle of 4 can be glassy carbon(GC)、 platinum(Pt)、 gold(Au)， It can also be customized.

Rotating ring/disk electrode device