Burster imported measuring instrument 4463-V0000 from Germany

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Panle (Shanghai) Electric Co., Ltd

Name: Zhong Qipeng

A weighing sensor is actually a device that converts a mass signal into a measurable electrical signal output. When using sensors, the actual working environment in which the sensor is located should be considered first, which is crucial for the correct selection of weighing sensors. It is related to whether the sensor can work normally, its safety and service life, and even the reliability and safety of the entire weighing apparatus. There are qualitative differences between the new and old national standards in the basic concepts and evaluation methods of the main technical indicators of weighing sensors. There are several styles available, including S-shaped, cantilever, spoke, plate ring, film box, bridge, and cylindrical.

The old national standard combines the two types of sensors, "weighing" and "force measuring", which have different application objects and environmental conditions, without distinguishing between testing and evaluation methods. The old national standard has a total of 21 indicators, all of which are tested at room temperature; And the accuracy level of the weighing sensor is determined by using the large errors in six indicators: nonlinearity, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, zero temperature additional error, and rated output temperature additional error, represented by 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05, respectively.

A force sensor used on a weighing apparatus. It can convert the gravity acting on the measured object into a measurable output signal in a certain proportion.

Considering the influence of gravity acceleration and air buoyancy on conversion in different usage locations, the performance indicators of weighing sensors mainly include linear error, hysteresis error, repeatability error, creep, zero temperature characteristics, and sensitivity temperature characteristics. In various weighing instruments and quality measurement systems, the comprehensive error is usually used to control the accuracy of the sensor, and the comprehensive error band is linked to the weighing instrument error band in order to select the weighing sensor corresponding to a certain accuracy weighing instrument. The Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) stipulates that the error band δ of sensors accounts for 70% of the error band Δ of weighing instruments. The sum of linear error, hysteresis error, and error caused by the influence of temperature on sensitivity within the specified temperature range of weighing sensors cannot exceed the error band δ. This allows manufacturers to adjust the various components that make up the total measurement error in order to achieve the desired accuracy

classification

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Weighing sensors can be divided into 8 categories according to conversion methods, including photoelectric, hydraulic, electromagnetic, capacitive, magnetic pole transformation, vibration, gyroscope ritual, and resistance strain, among which resistance strain is widely used.

Photoelectric type

Including two types: grating type and encoder type.

The grating sensor utilizes the Moir é fringes formed by the grating to convert angular displacement into photoelectric signals (Figure 2). There are two gratings, one is a fixed grating and the other is a moving grating mounted on the dial axis. The measured object added to the load-bearing platform rotates the dial axis through a force transmission lever system, driving the moving grating to rotate and causing the Moir é fringes to also move. By using phototubes, conversion circuits, and display instruments, the number of Moir é fringes that have passed can be calculated, and the size of the grating rotation angle can be measured to determine and read the mass of the object being measured.

The code wheel (symbol plate) of the code wheel sensor (Figure 3) is a transparent glass mounted on the dial shaft, with black and white codes encoded according to a certain coding method. When the measured object added to the load-bearing platform rotates the dial shaft through a force transmission lever, the code wheel also rotates a certain angle. The photovoltaic cell will receive light signals through the encoder and convert them into electrical signals, which will then be digitally processed by the circuit and displayed on the monitor as numbers representing the measured quality. Optoelectronic sensors were mainly used in electromechanical scales.

hydraulic

When subjected to the gravitational force P of the measured object, the pressure of the hydraulic oil increases, and the degree of increase is proportional to P. By measuring the increase in pressure, the mass of the object being measured can be determined. Hydraulic sensors have a simple and sturdy structure, a large measurement range, but the accuracy generally does not exceed 1/100.

capacitive

It operates using the proportional relationship between the oscillation frequency f of the capacitor oscillation circuit and the electrode spacing d (Figure 6). There are two plates, one fixed and the other movable. When loading the tested object on the load-bearing platform, the plate spring bends, the distance between the two plates changes, and the oscillation frequency of the circuit also changes accordingly. By measuring the change in frequency, the mass of the object being measured on the load-bearing platform can be determined. Capacitive sensors have low power consumption, low cost, and accuracy ranging from 1/200 to 1/500.

Main advantages

Resistors, inductors, and capacitors are the three major types of passive components in electronic technology. Capacitive sensors are sensors that convert measured changes into changes in electrical capacity, essentially a capacitor with variable parameters.

Capacitive sensors have the following advantages:

(1) High impedance, low power, requiring very low input energy.

(2) It can obtain a large amount of variation, thus having a high signal-to-noise ratio and system stability.

(3) Fast dynamic response, operating frequency can reach several megahertz, thick contact measurement, and the measured object can be a conductor or a semiconductor.

(4) Simple structure, strong adaptability, can work in harsh environments such as high and low temperatures, strong radiation, etc., and has a wide range of applications.

With the development of electronic and computer technology, the disadvantages of capacitive sensors, such as susceptibility to interference and distributed capacitance, have been continuously overcome. In addition, capacitive displacement sensors and integrated capacitive sensors have been developed. Therefore, they have been widely used in non electric quantity measurement and automatic detection, and can measure parameters such as pressure, displacement, speed, acceleration, A degree, thickness, liquid level, humidity, vibration, and composition. Capacitive sensors have great development prospects.

Main drawbacks

Disadvantage 1: High output impedance, poor load capacity

Disadvantage 2: Nonlinear output characteristics

Disadvantage 3: Parasitic capacitance has a significant impact

Electromagnetic force type

It operates based on the principle of balancing the load on the load-bearing platform with electromagnetic force. When the tested object is placed on the load-bearing platform, one end of the lever tilts upwards; The photoelectric component detects the tilt signal, which is amplified and flows into the coil to generate electromagnetic force, restoring the lever to a balanced state. The mass of the measured object can be determined by digital conversion of the current that generates electromagnetic balance force. Electromagnetic force sensors have high accuracy, reaching 1/2000 to 1/60000, but the weighing range is only between tens of milligrams and 10 kilograms.

Magnetic pole variation form

When ferromagnetic components undergo mechanical deformation under the gravity of the object being measured, internal stress is generated and magnetic permeability changes, causing the induced voltage of the secondary coils wound on both sides of the ferromagnetic component (magnetic pole) to also change accordingly. By measuring the change in voltage, the force applied to the magnetic pole can be determined, thereby determining the mass of the object being measured. The accuracy of magnetic pole transformation sensors is not high, usually 1/100, and is suitable for large tonnage weighing work, with a weighing range of tens of thousands to tens of thousands of kilograms.

Vibration type

After being subjected to force, the natural vibration frequency of an elastic element is proportional to the square root of the applied force. By measuring the change in natural frequency, the force exerted by the measured object on the elastic element can be determined, and then its mass can be determined. There are two types of vibration sensors: vibrating wire type and tuning fork type.

The elastic element of the vibrating wire sensor is a string wire. When the tested object is added to the load-bearing platform, the intersection point of the V-shaped string is pulled downwards, and the tension of the left string increases while the tension of the right string decreases. The natural frequencies of two strings undergo different changes. By calculating the difference in frequency between two strings, the mass of the object being measured can be determined. The accuracy of vibrating wire sensors is relatively high, reaching 1/1000 to 1/10000, with a weighing range of 100 grams to several hundred kilograms. However, the structure is complex, the processing difficulty is high, and the cost is high.

The elastic element of a tuning fork sensor is a tuning fork. A piezoelectric element is fixed at the end of the tuning fork, which oscillates at the natural frequency of the tuning fork and can measure the oscillation frequency. When the tested object is added to the load-bearing platform, the tuning fork is subjected to tension in the direction of force and its natural frequency increases, and the degree of increase is proportional to the square root of the applied force. By measuring the change in natural frequency, the force exerted by the heavy object on the tuning fork can be calculated, and then the mass of the heavy object can be determined. The tuning fork sensor has low power consumption, with a measurement accuracy of up to 1/10000 to 1/200000, and a weighing range of 500g to 10kg.

Gyro ceremony

The rotor is installed in the inner frame and rotates stably around the X-axis at an angular velocity of ω. The inner frame is connected to the outer frame through bearings and can tilt and rotate around the horizontal axis Y. The outer frame is connected to the machine base through a universal joint and can rotate around the vertical axis Z. The rotor shaft (X-axis) remains horizontal when not subjected to external forces. When one end of the rotor shaft is subjected to an external force (P/2), it tilts and rotates around the vertical axis Z (precession). The precession angular velocity ω is proportional to the external force P/2. By measuring ω through frequency detection, the magnitude of the external force can be determined, and then the mass of the measured object that generates this external force can be calculated.

The gyroscope ritual sensor has a fast response time (5 seconds), no hysteresis phenomenon, good temperature characteristics (3ppm), minimal vibration impact, and high frequency measurement accuracy. Therefore, it can achieve high resolution (1/100000) and high measurement accuracy (1/30000 to 1/60000).

Resistive strain type

利用[The principle that the resistance of a strain gauge changes when it deforms. It mainly consists of four parts: elastic elements, resistance strain gauges, measurement circuits, and transmission cables.

Plate ring type

The structure of the plate ring weighing sensor has the advantages of clear stress streamline distribution, high output sensitivity, integrated elastic body, simple structure, stable stress state, and easy processing. At present, it still accounts for a large proportion in sensor production, and the design formula for this type of structural sensor is not very clear yet. Due to the complexity of strain calculation for this type of elastic body, it is usually estimated as a circular elastic body during design. Especially for plate ring sensors with a range of 1t or less, the design calculation error is larger, and there are often significant nonlinear errors.
　　
Usage and characteristics of plate ring weighing sensor: compact structure, good protective performance. High precision and good long-term stability. Suitable for measuring hook scales, electromechanical combination scales, and other force values

digital

Definition

Digital weighing sensor is a force electric conversion device that can convert gravity into electrical signals. It mainly refers to a new type of sensor that integrates resistance strain type weighing sensors, electronic amplifiers (AMC), analog-to-digital conversion technology (ADC), and microprocessors (MCU).

2. Characteristics and Applications

The development of digital weighing sensors and digital measuring instrument technology has gradually become a new favorite in the field of weighing technology, with advantages such as easy and efficient debugging, and strong adaptability to the field.

Definition of S-type

The S-type weighing sensor, as shown in the figure, is a common type of sensor used to measure the tension and pressure between solids. It is also commonly known as a tension and pressure sensor because of its S-shaped appearance. This sensor is made of alloy steel material, sealed and protected with glue, easy to install and use, and is suitable for electronic weighing systems such as hanging scales, batching scales, and machine modified scales.

constitute

sensitive element

A component that directly senses the measured (quality) and outputs other quantities that have a definite relationship with the measured. The elastic body of a resistance strain type weighing sensor converts the mass of the measured object into deformation; The elastic body of the capacitive weighing sensor converts the measured mass into displacement.

Transform components

Also known as a sensing element, it converts the output of a sensitive element into a signal that is easy to measure. The resistance strain gauge (or resistance strain gauge) of a resistance strain type weighing sensor converts the deformation of an elastic body into a change in resistance; The capacitor of the capacitive weighing sensor converts the displacement of the elastic body into a change in capacitance. Sometimes certain components have the functions of both sensitive components and transforming components. The piezoelectric material of a voltage type weighing sensor outputs electricity while undergoing deformation under external load.

Measuring element

Transform the output of the transformation element into an electrical signal, providing convenience for further transmission, processing, display, recording, or control. Such as the bridge circuit in resistance strain type weighing sensors and the charge preamplifier in piezoelectric weighing sensors.

auxiliary power supply

Provide energy for the electrical signal output of the sensor. Generally, weighing sensors require an external power supply to operate. Therefore, as a product, it must indicate the power supply requirements, but not as a component of the weighing sensor. Some sensors, such as magneto electric speed sensors, can function normally without the need for an auxiliary power supply due to their high output energy. So not all sensors need to have an auxiliary power supply.

principle

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Resistance strain type weighing sensor It is based on the principle that an elastic body (elastic element, sensitive beam) undergoes elastic deformation under external force, causing the resistance strain gauge (conversion element) attached to its surface to also deform. After the resistance strain gauge deforms, its resistance value will change (increase or decrease), and then the corresponding measurement circuit will convert this resistance change into an electrical signal (voltage or current), thus completing the process of converting external force into an electrical signal.

From this, it can be seen that resistance strain gauges, elastomers, and detection circuits are the main components of resistance strain weighing sensors. Below is a brief discussion on these three aspects.

1、 Resistance strain gauge

A resistance strain gauge is a strain gauge made by mechanically distributing a resistance wire on a substrate made of organic material. One of his important parameters is the sensitivity coefficient K. Let's introduce its significance.

There is a metal resistance wire with a length of L, a circular cross-section with a radius of r, an area denoted as S, and a resistivity denoted as ρ. The Poisson's coefficient of this material is μ. When this resistance wire is not subjected to external forces, its resistance value is R:

R = ρL/S（Ω） （2—1）

When subjected to an F force at both ends, it will elongate, that is, undergo deformation. Assuming its elongation Δ L, its cross-sectional area decreases, that is, its cross-sectional circle radius decreases Δ r. In addition, it can be experimentally proven that the resistivity of this metal resistance wire will also change after deformation, denoted as Δ ρ.

Find the total differential of equation (2-1) to determine how much the resistance value of the resistance wire changes after elongation. We have:

ΔR = ΔρL/S + ΔLρ/S –ΔSρL/S2 （2—2）

Removing equation (2-2) from equation (2-1) yields

ΔR/R = Δρ/ρ + ΔL/L – ΔS/S （2—3）

In addition, we know that the cross-sectional area of the wire S=π r2, then Δ s=2 π r * Δ r, so

ΔS/S = 2Δr/r （2—4）

We know from the mechanics of materials that

Δr/r = -μΔL/L (2–5)

Among them, the negative sign indicates that when elongated, the radius direction decreases. μ is the Poisson's coefficient representing the lateral effect of the material. Substituting equations (2-4) and (2-5) into equations (2-3), we have

ΔR/R = Δρ/ρ + ΔL/L + 2μΔL/L

=（1 + 2μ（Δρ/ρ）/（ΔL/L））*ΔL/L

= K *ΔL/L （2--6）

among which

K = 1 + 2μ +(Δρ/ρ)/(ΔL/L) (2--7)

Equation (2-6) illustrates the relationship between the resistance change rate (relative change in resistance) and the elongation rate (relative change in length) of a resistance strain gauge.

It should be noted that the sensitivity coefficient K value is a constant determined by the properties of the material used to make the metal resistance wire, and is independent of the shape and size of the strain gauge. The K value of different materials is generally between 1.7-3.6; Secondly, the K value is an dimensionless quantity, meaning it has no dimension.

In material mechanics, Δ L/L is referred to as strain and denoted as ε. Using it to represent elasticity often appears too large and inconvenient

Often, one millionth of it is used as a unit and denoted as μ ε. Thus, equation (2-6) is often written as:

ΔR/R = Kε (2–8)

2、 Elastic body

An elastomer is a structural component with a special shape. It has two functions. Firstly, it can withstand the external force acting on the weighing sensor, generate a reactive force on the external force, and achieve relative static equilibrium; Secondly, it needs to generate a high-quality strain field (zone), so that the resistance strain gauges pasted in this zone can ideally complete the task of converting strain to electrical signals.

Taking the elastic body of a weighing sensor as an example, let's introduce the stress distribution.

There is a rectangular cantilever beam with blind holes.

The bottom center of the blind hole is subjected to pure shear stress, but tensile and compressive stresses will occur in its upper and lower parts. The direction of the principal stress is tension and compression. If a strain gauge is attached here, the upper half of the strain gauge will be stretched and the resistance will increase, while the lower half of the strain gauge will be compressed and the resistance will decrease. The strain expression of the center point at the bottom of the blind hole is listed below, without further derivation.

ε = （3Q（1+μ）/2Eb）*（B（H2-h2）+bh2）/ （B（H3-h3）+bh3） （2--9）

Among them: Q - shear force on the section; E-Young's modulus: μ - Poisson's coefficient; B. B, H, h - are the geometric dimensions of the beam.

It should be noted that the stress states analyzed above are all "local" situations, while the strain gauges actually perceive an "average" state.

3、 Detection circuit

The function of the detection circuit is to convert the resistance change of the resistance strain gauge into voltage output. Because Wheatstone bridges have many advantages, such as being able to suppress the effects of temperature changes, suppress lateral force interference, and easily solve the compensation problem of weighing sensors, Wheatstone bridges have been widely used in weighing sensors.

Due to the high sensitivity of the full bridge equal arm bridge, the parameters of each arm * and the influence of various interferences can easily cancel each other out, so the weighing sensors all use the full bridge equal arm bridge

Common Materials

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The performance of a weighing sensor largely depends on the choice of manufacturing materials. The weighing sensor material includes the following parts: strain gauge material, elastomer material, patch adhesive material, sealant material, lead sealing material, and lead material.

Resistance element material

Strain gauges are the sensing part of weighing sensors, which convert the magnitude of external force into electrical output. They are an important component of sensors, and commonly used strain gauge substrates are made of polymer thin film materials, usually high-purity constantan. The performance of strain gauges is not only related to the purity of the substrate and constantan, but also to the manufacturing process. Improving the level of process technology is also an important aspect of improving sensor performance.

Elastic material

The function of the elastic body of the weighing sensor is to transmit external forces. It must have the same deformation when subjected to the same force, because the strain gauge is attached to the elastic body, and the deformation of the elastic body is the deformation of the strain gauge; At the same time, it must also have resetting ability, which can automatically reset when the external force disappears. Elastic material Usually, a variety of metals are chosen, including aluminum alloy, stainless steel, and alloy steel, among others.

Adhesive material

Patch adhesive is used to firmly fix strain gauges and elastomers together, ensuring that the deformation they produce is permanent. It can be seen that patch adhesive is also an important component. At the beginning of the 21st century, the use of patch adhesives called Duoduo was a two-component polymer epoxy series adhesive. At the beginning of the 21st century, its performance was closely related to its purity, mixing method, storage time, curing method, curing time, etc. Before use, it is important to carefully read its detailed introduction.

Sealing material

Early sealing of weighing sensors used sealant, but later with the development of manufacturing technology, welding technology can greatly improve the stability and service life of sensors. Although welding technology was widely used in the early 21st century, some important parts still require the application of some sealant. Silicone sealant is generally used, which has the advantages of good stability, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance, and excellent insulation performance.

Lead sealing

If the sensor output lead is not fixed, it may be damaged or loose, resulting in unstable signals or no output. At the beginning of the 21st century, sensor outputs were all made using connectors, and the material and fastening strength of the connectors also had an impact on the output. Use connectors in conjunction with sealant. The internal leads also need to be fixed to prevent them from moving around. The quality of the leads is also important, and their material properties are arranged in the order of silver plating, copper wire, and aluminum wire from high to low. If there is severe interference from high-frequency signals and radio waves in the surrounding area, shielded cables should also be used; In corrosive environments and flammable and explosive environments, it is necessary to use anti-corrosion, flame-retardant, and explosion-proof cables, with additional sleeves for protection.

choice

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In addition, the sensitivity, large division number, and small calibration division value of the weighing sensor are also indicators that must be considered in the selection of sensors.

The number and range of sensors

The selection of the number of sensors is based on the purpose of the electronic scale and the number of points that the scale body needs to support (the number of support points should be determined based on the principle of the geometric center of gravity of the scale body coinciding with the actual center of gravity). Generally speaking, a few sensors are selected based on the number of support points on the scale body.

The range selection of sensors can be determined based on a comprehensive evaluation of the scale's large weighing value, the number of sensors selected, the weight of the scale body, the potential for large bias loads, and dynamic load factors. Here is an empirical formula that has been validated through extensive experiments.

The formula is as follows:

C=K0×K1×K2×K3(Wmax+W)/N

In the formula, C represents the rated range of a single sensor

Self weight of W scale body

Wmax is the maximum value of the net weight of an object

The number of support points used for N scale body

K0- Insurance coefficient, generally between 1.2 and 1.3

K1 impact coefficient

K2 center of gravity offset coefficient of the weighing body

K3 wind pressure coefficient

Usage environment

A weighing sensor is actually a device that converts a mass signal into a measurable electrical signal output. The first thing to consider when using sensors is the actual working environment in which the sensor is located. This is crucial for selecting sensors correctly, as it relates to whether the sensor can work properly, its safety and service life, and even the reliability and safety of the entire weighing apparatus. In general, high temperature environments cause problems such as melting of coating materials, cracking of solder joints, and structural changes in the stress inside the elastomer for sensors; Dust and moisture can cause short circuits in sensors; In highly corrosive environments, it can cause damage to the elastic body of the sensor or result in short circuits; Electromagnetic fields can interfere with sensor outputs. We must choose the corresponding weighing sensor to meet the necessary weighing requirements under the corresponding environmental factors.

Accuracy level selection

The accuracy level of weighing sensors includes technical indicators such as nonlinearity, creep, repeatability, hysteresis, sensitivity, etc.

Application scope and purpose

For example, aluminum alloy cantilever beam sensors are suitable for electronic pricing scales, platform scales, cutting scales, etc; Steel cantilever beam sensors are suitable for electronic belt scales, sorting scales, etc; Steel bridge sensors are suitable for railway scales, truck scales, etc; Column sensors are suitable for car scales, dynamic track scales, large tonnage hopper scales, etc. Weighing sensors are mainly used in various electronic scales, industrial control fields, online control, safety overload alarm, material testing machines, and other fields. Such as electronic car scales, electronic platform scales, electronic forklifts, dynamic axle scales, electronic hook scales, electronic pricing scales, electronic steel scales, electronic track scales, hopper scales, ingredient scales, canning scales, etc.

Wiring method

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load cell There are two types of wiring for sensors: 4-wire and 6-wire. There are also two types of wiring for modules or weighing transmitters: 4-wire and 6-wire. Whether to connect 4-wire or 6-wire depends on your hardware requirements. The principle is that sensors that can be connected to 6-wire should not be connected to 4-wire, and sensors that must be connected to 4-wire should be short circuited.
Generally, weighing sensors are six wire systems. When connected to a four wire system, the power lines (EXC -, EXC+) and feedback lines (SEN -, SEN+) are respectively short circuited. SEN+and SEN - are used to compensate for circuit resistance. SEN+and EXC+are pathways, while SEN - and EXC - are pathways.
EXC+and EXC - are used to power the weighing sensor, but due to circuit losses between the weighing module and the sensor, the voltage received by the sensor will actually be lower than the supply voltage. Each weighing sensor has a characteristic of mV/V, and the mV signal it outputs is closely related to the received voltage. SENS+and SENS - are actually high impedance circuits inside the weighing sensor, which can feedback the actual voltage received by the weighing module to the weighing module. Assuming EXC+and EXC - are 10V, with a line loss of 2mV/V for the sensor, the actual output signal of the sensor is () * 2=19mV instead of 20mV. At this point, the weighing sensor will use 19mV as the large range internally, provided that the sensor must feedback the actual voltage to the weighing module through a feedback loop. Short circuit EXC+to SENS+and EXC - to SENS - on the weighing sensor is only suitable for situations where the sensor is close to the weighing module and the voltage loss is very small, otherwise there may be measurement errors.

Installation precautions

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1. Weighing sensor Handle with care, especially for small capacity sensors using alloy aluminum materials as elastomers. Any impact or drop caused by vibration is likely to result in significant output errors.

2. During the design and installation of the loading device, it should be ensured that the loading force acts on the axis of the weighing sensor, so as to minimize the effects of tilting and eccentric loads.

3. In terms of horizontal adjustment. If a weighing sensor is used, the installation plane of its base should be adjusted with a spirit level until it is level; If multiple sensors are measuring simultaneously, the mounting surfaces of their bases should be kept as horizontal as possible to ensure that each sensor can withstand a basic amount of force.

4. Determine the rated load of the sensor used by selecting the range of the weighing sensor according to its instructions.

5. To prevent chemical corrosion, it is advisable to apply Vaseline to the outer surface of the weighing sensor during installation. The use of the platform should avoid direct sunlight and sudden changes in environmental temperature.

6. Add a bypass device made of copper braided wire at both ends of the load cell loading device.

7. The cable should not be lengthened by itself. If it is necessary to lengthen, it should be soldered at the joint and sealed with moisture-proof sealant.

8. Cover the weighing sensor with some baffles around it. The purpose of doing so is to prevent debris from falling into the moving parts of the sensor, which can affect its measurement accuracy.

9. The cable of the sensor should be kept away from strong power lines or places with pulse waves. If competition cannot be avoided, the cable of the weighing sensor should be separately threaded into the iron pipe and the connection distance should be shortened as much as possible.

10. Determine the rated load of the sensor according to the range selection of the weighing sensor in its instructions. Although the weighing sensor itself has a certain overload capacity, it should be avoided as much as possible during installation and use. Sometimes short-term overloading can also cause sensor damage.

11. In high-precision applications, the weighing sensor and instrument should be preheated for 30 minutes before use.

working process

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During the measurement process, loading weight onto the elastic body of the weighing sensor can cause plastic deformation.

Strain (positive and negative) is converted into electronic signals through strain gauges installed on the elastic body.

Instrument application

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Weighing instruments, also known as weighing display control instruments, are electronic devices that convert weighing sensor signals (or through weight transmitters) into weight digital displays, and can store, count, and print weight data. They are commonly used in automated batching and weighing in industrial and agricultural production to improve production efficiency.

The performance indicators of weighing instruments used in industrial enterprises are usually measured by precision (also known as accuracy), variation, and sensitivity. Instrument technicians usually calibrate instruments for accuracy, variation, and sensitivity.

1. Variation refers to the large difference between the indicated values of a weighing instrument when the measured variable (which can be understood as the input signal) deviates from the difference multiple times to reach the same value. Generally speaking, it is the degree to which the measured parameter changes from small to large (positive characteristic) and from large to small (reverse characteristic) in a stable external environment, and the difference between the two is called instrument variation. Reliability of weighing control instruments is another key performance indicator sought by instrument workers in chemical enterprises. Reliability and instrument maintenance are mutually exclusive. High instrument reliability indicates low instrument maintenance, while poor instrument reliability indicates high instrument maintenance. To deal with the detection and process control instruments of chemical enterprises, most of them are installed on process pipelines, various towers, kettles, tanks, and vessels

2. The stability of a weighing instrument in a weighing sensor is called stability (degree), which refers to the ability of a weighing instrument to maintain stability over time under specified conditions. Instrument stability is a very important performance indicator for instrument workers in chemical enterprises. Due to the harsh environment in which chemical enterprises use instruments, the temperature and pressure changes of the measured medium are also greater than those of instruments. In such an environment, the ability of certain components of the instrument to be firmly connected over time will decrease, and the stability of the instrument will decrease. There is no quantitative value for the stability of instruments, and chemical companies usually use instrument zero drift to measure the stability of instruments. The stability of weighing instruments is directly related to the utilization scope of the instruments, and occasionally directly affects chemical production. The impact caused by poor stability is often greater when the accuracy of dual instruments drops. Poor stability and high maintenance of instruments are not desirable for instrument workers.

The sensitivity of weighing instruments, also known as' amplification ratio ', is the slope of each point on the tangent line of the instrument's static characteristics. Increasing the amplification factor can improve the sensitivity of the instrument. Simply increasing the sensitivity does not change the basic performance of the instrument, that is, the accuracy of the weighing instrument does not improve. On the contrary, occasional oscillation phenomena may occur, causing unstable output. Instrument sensitivity should be linked to appropriate quantities.

For most customers, although instrument accuracy is a tight indicator, in practical use, the stability and reliability of instruments are often emphasized more, because there are not many detection and process control instruments used for measurement in chemical enterprises, and a large number are used for testing. Furthermore, the stability and reliability of detection instruments used in process control systems are more critical than accuracy.

With the upgrading of instruments, especially the introduction of microelectronics technology into the weighing instrument manufacturing industry, the predictability of instruments has been greatly improved. Instrument manufacturers are increasingly valuing the performance indicators of this day, usually using the mean time between failures (MTBF) to measure the reliability of instruments. The MTBF of a fully intelligent weighing transmitter is about 10 times higher than that of a typical non intelligent instrument such as an electric III transmitter. The weighing instrument should be digitally calibrated with the weighing sensor before use. Calibration is actually using standard weights to calibrate the weighing instrument. The calibrated instrument internally stores calibration coefficients relative to this group of sensors. After obtaining this coefficient, the instrument can convert the analog signal of the weighing sensor into a weight digital display.

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Panle Electric * German original Dopag flow sensor DOPAG C-403-04-20

Panle Electric * German original SARTORIUS load sensor with installation accessories Typ PR 6211/13LT+PR6011/30N

Panle Electric * German original SARTORIUS load sensor with installation accessories Typ PR 6211/13LT+PR6011/30N

Panle Electric * German original SARTORIUS load sensor with installation accessories Typ PR 6211/13LT+PR6011/30N

Panle Electric * German original SARTORIUS load sensor with installation accessories Typ PR 6211/13LT+PR6011/30N

Panle Electric * Original German Kral AG (Volumeter) Sensor BEG 56

Panle Electric * German original Burster pressure sensor 8511-6002 2000N

Panle Electric * German original Turck pressure sensor PC010V-204-2UPN8X-H1141 Nr: 6833753

Panle Electric * German original Riegger pressure sensor 1110 SW

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor 2071332.4 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original JUMO pressure sensor 603021/02-1-043-30-00-20-13-46-100-8-6/000

Panle Electric * Original OMRON photoelectric sensor E3T-ST13-M5J 0.3M from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Ahlborn Mess und Regelungstechnik GmbH temperature and humidity sensor FHA646E1C

Panle Electric * Original Hydac Pressure Sensor HDA 3840-A-350-124 (10m) from Germany

Panle Electric * Original Pil Ultrasonic Sensor P42-A4M-2D-K220S from Germany

Panle Electric * German original LKM temperature sensor Type 121 In: TC K, 0... 1100 ℃

Panle Electric * German original LKM temperature sensor Type 121 In: RTD PT100,0... 200 ℃

Panle Electric * German original LKM temperature sensor Type 121 In: RTD PT100,0... 400 ℃

Panle Electric * Original SCHUNK Induction Sensor NR.301485 IN 60-S-M8 from Germany

Panle Electric * Germany original BARKSDALE pressure sensor 8121-PL1-B

Panle Electric * Original German KEYENCE Sensor DH220

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2018920.35

Panle Electric * Original Netter Vibration Sensor NCB2 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original BOSCH induction sensor 0830100482 SN1-R3-M008-030

Panle Electric * German original ASM displacement sensor WS-10-1000-420A-L10-SB0-D8

Panle Electric * Germany Original Hydac Pressure Sensor EDS 8446-1-0250-000

Panle Electric * German original PAULY induction sensor PP2441q/308/R153S/e2/Z3S/115+230VAC

Panle Electric * Original Fotoelektrik Pauly GmbH&Co. KG Induction Sensor PP2441Q/308/R153E/E2 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Turck pressure sensor PS010V-504-LI2UPN8X-H1141 6832841

Panle Electric * German original Turck pressure sensor PS016V-504-LI2UPN8X-H1141 6832842

Panle Electric * German original Turck pressure sensor PS010V-504-LI2UPN8X-H1141 6832841

Panle Electric * German original Turck pressure sensor PS016V-504-LI2UPN8X-H1141 6832842

Panle Electric * German original Riegger pressure sensor 1110 SW

Panle Electric * German original STM pressure sensor GLS120/R/S222-BP

Panle Electric * Original German WENGLOR Sensor IW050BM65VA3

Panle Electric * Original German B&K sensor-4375--

Panle Electric * German original E+L infrared sensor 00212108, F 31E

Panle Electric * Original German GEA Grasso GmbH Sensor SW 25 NR: 6274980001

Panle Electric * German original Aquametro flow sensor VZO4-RE ART.NR.89763 S/N: 4992416/2010

Panle Electric * Original WENGLOR photoelectric sensor HK12PB8 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original IFM photoelectric sensor AFK3050BBPKG/M/US-104, NO: JAC201

Panle Electric * Original Hochrainer sensor from Germany (with bolt) NJ1.5-F2-E2-V3-Y130652

Panle Electric * Original German Pil Ultrasonic Sensor P43-PM18-U-S-S313 (P43-F4V-2D-1C0-S313)

Panle Electric * German original balluff displacement sensor BTL5-E10-M1500-P-KA15, Nr: BTL0MKU

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.16

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.32

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.10

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.25

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.40

Panle Electric * German original B B temperature sensor 0625 1509-20

Panle Electric * Original SUCO Pressure Sensor from Germany 0180-45803-2-006

Panle Electric * German original HAUBER induction sensor Typ 640.16.000.0 Art-Nr.10034

Panle Electric * German original SIKO sensor MSA510/1-0001 SSI-EX-OK

Panle Electric * German original SCHNEIDER induction sensor 50492 (XML308)

Panle Electric * German original SCHNEIDER induction sensor 50492 (XML308)

Panle Electric * German original Eloba sensor 102 157 PGA

Panle Electric * German original Braun GmbH speed sensor A5S07B50

Panle Electric * Original German Kral AG (Volumeter) sensor BEG 43D, tariff.no: 9026 90 00

Panle Electric * Original SICK Pressure Sensor UP56-213118 Nr.6041660 from Germany

Panle Electric * Germany original HYDAC pressure sensor 908163; EDS 3446-1-0250-000

Panle Electric * German original HYDAC pressure sensor 906321; EDS 344-2-250-000

Panle Electric * German original E.L.B liquid level sensor TK30015794B

Panle Electric * German original Turck pressure sensor PS250R-504-LI2UPN8X-H1141 Nr: 6832308

Panle Electric * German original SCHENCK load sensor RTN 100t 0.05%, Nr.D724784.04

Panle Electric * German original P+F induction sensor NBB5-18GM50-E2V1

Panle Electric * German original Turck flow sensor PT016R-13-LI3-H1131 Nr.6831503

Panle Electric * German original Turck flow sensor PT01VR-13-LI3-H1131 Nr.6831614

Panle Electric * German original Turck pressure sensor PS250R-301-LI2UPN8X-H1141 Nr: 6833309

Panle Electric * Original EGE Induction Sensor S30067 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Hydac pressure sensor EDS348-5-016-000

Panle Electric * German original Balluff GmbH induction sensor BES113-356-SA6-S4

Panle Electric * Original German Honsberg Flow Sensor Switch Head for MR1K-008GK004

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 801-10-221

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 801-200-2110

Panle Electric * Original KANT Pressure Sensor 802-1-211 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 802-10-221

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 802-100-221

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 802-200-221

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 801-10-221

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 801-200-2110

Panle Electric * Original KANT Pressure Sensor 802-1-211 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 802-10-221

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 802-100-221

Panle Electric * German original KANT pressure sensor 802-200-221

Panle Electric * Original Rechner Induction Sensor KAS-80-A22-A-K-PTFE-Y5/KA0247 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Honeywell induction sensor GLFB24A1B

Panle Electric * German original Murr sensor accessory 7000-78211-0000000

Panle Electric * German original Murr sensor accessory 7000-78091-0000000

Panle Electric * German original Murr sensor accessory 55390

Panle Electric * German original Murrelektronik GmbH sensor accessories 7000-12601-0000000

Panle Electric * German original Murr sensor accessory 7000-12491-0000000

Panle Electric * German original Murrelektronik GmbH sensor accessory 58627

Panle Electric * German original Murr sensor accessory Nr: 7000-41121-0000000

Panle Electric * German original CAPTRON sensor CHT3-251P-H/TG-SR

Panle Electric * German original BD sensors liquid level sensor 013-8879 LMP307-451-9000-1-1-1-1-3-1-009-000

Panle Electric * German original BD sensors liquid level sensor 013-8878 LMP307-451-3000-1-1-1-1-5-1-003-000

Panle Electric * German original BD sensors pressure sensor 013-8931 DMP343 100-0600-1-5-100-N00

Panle Electric * German original HBM load sensor 1-C9B 500N

Panle Electric * German original HBM load sensor 1-U9B 500N

Panle Electric * German original FOX pressure sensor F31/M3

Panle Electric * German original FOX pressure sensor F4R2/M3

Panle Electric * Original ASM GmbH Sensor WS10 1250 10 PP530 from Germany

Panle Electric * Original ASM GmbH Sensor WS10 1250 25 PP530 from Germany

Panle Electric * Germany Original Hydac Pressure Sensor EDS346-2-100-000

Panle Electric * Original Hydac Pressure Sensor EDS345-1-250-000 from Germany

Panle Electric * Original Hydac Pressure Sensor ETS326-3-100-000 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Hydac pressure sensor EDS345-1-016-000

Panle Electric * Germany Original Hydac Pressure Sensor EDS346-2-016-000

Panle Electric * German original Hydac pressure sensor ETS1701-100-000? +TFP100

Panle Electric * Original Hydac Pressure Sensor EDS344-3-250-000+ZBE02+ZBM300 from Germany

Panle Electric * Original Hydac Pressure Sensor ETS388-5-150-000 from Germany

Panle Electric * Original Proxitron Infrared Sensor Lens OAA703 Art-Nr.6048A from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Tecsis pressure sensor 3050.436.956-12-25bar G1/2

Panle Electric * German original hydac pressure sensor EDS3346-3-0016-000-F1+ZBE06-05

Panle Electric * Original Hydac Pressure Sensor EDS344-2-250-000 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Kistler torque sensor 4502A5R/18002581

Panle Electric * German original Burster Praezisionmesstechnik GmbH&Co KG load sensor 8511-5200

Panle Electric * German original HBM pressure sensor 1-C9B/50KN

Panle Electric * German original Micro Epsilon sensor 10040036 CLS-K-65

Panle Electric * Original German Baumer Laser Ranging Sensor OADM 20I6572/S14F

Panle Electric * Germany original Rechner sensor N-132/2-10 24 VDC Nr: N00017

Panle Electric * German original steute sensing sensor Nr: 13009301, Ex 13 R 10/1S

Panle Electric * Original TWK Wire Displacement Sensor SWF 5B-01 from Germany

Panle Electric * Original Proxitron Infrared Sensor Attachment OAA703 Art-Nr.6048A from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Proxitron infrared sensor OSA674.33G Art-Nr.6130L-6

Panle Electric * German original IFM flow sensor SI5000

Panle Electric * Original Proxitron Flow Sensor FKM 230.13 GS4 ART-NR: 8032B from Germany

Panle Electric * Original Hydac Temperature Sensor ETS1701-100-000 from Germany

Panle Electric * Original Hydac Pressure Sensor EDS344-3-400-000 from Germany

Panle Electric * Original German Honsberg Flow Sensor NW1-020HMA with 3m cable

Panle Electric * German original Kistler pressure sensor 6157BA/1961 ASP0.6M

Panle Electric * German original STW pressure sensor TPA51 24VDC; fifty-seven thousand and ninety

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000513.5

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2020908.63

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000013.25

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000413.25

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000413.16

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2021134.16

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2021334.315

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2021234.2

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000513.63

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000013.2

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000013.63

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000113.16

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor from Germany 2000013.1

Panle Electric * German original SCHNEIDER induction sensor 9080LBA263106

Panle Electric * German original Schneider Electric Energy GmbH induction sensor 9080LBA363106

Panle Electric * German original SCHNEIDER induction sensor 9080LBA263106

Panle Electric * German original Schneider Electric Energy GmbH induction sensor 9080LBA363106

Panle Electric * German original Druck pressure sensor PTX-5-0-A-2-TC-A2-CB-H1-PA, -1...+19 bar

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.10

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.32

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.25

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.40

Panle Electric * Original Siba Induction Sensor NR.5012606.20 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Siba induction sensor NR.5012606.16

Panle Electric * Original German HBM Sensor 1-C2/500N

Panle Electric * Original German Honsberg Flow Sensor HD2KO1-010GM015

Panle Electric * German original SCHMERSAL induction sensor Endschalter TZM 24VDC

Panle Electric * Original German Pepper+Fuchs Beam Sensor ML5-T-KSU, No.418130

Panle Electric * Original German Pepper+Fuchs Beam Sensor ML 5-T-KSU/43 418129

Panle Electric * Original German EMG Travel Sensor KLW300.012

Panle Electric * German original steam induction sensor GFSM 3 1OeS/1OeS/1OeS alte Mat. - Nr.83210001 Mat. - Nr. 1048959

Panle Electric * Original German Honsberg Flow Sensor HD1K-025GM040

Panle Electric * German original TER CESKA s.r.o. pressure sensor PRSL1003PI

Panle Electric * German original Cerulean sensor 37930

Panle Electric * German original Cerulean sensor 37928

Panle Electric * German original Cerulean sensor 37929

Panle Electric * German original Cerulean sensor 37927

Panle Electric * Original German WENGLOR photoelectric sensor OY2P303A0135

Panle Electric * German original Paul Ruster pressure sensor SHD-I 10

Panle Electric * German original Paul Ruster pressure sensor SHD-I 16

Panle Electric * Original Fischer Pressure Sensor DS1102VDYYBKY00D0544 from Germany

Panle Electric * German original Balluff GmbH induction sensor BES M12MI-PSC40B-S04G

Panle Electric * German original Balluff GmbH induction sensor BES M12ME-PSC40B-S04G-003

Panle Electric * German original Turck sensor LI100P0-Q25LM0-LIU5X3-H1151 Nr: 159001

Panle Electric * German original FMS Force Measuring Systems AG pressure sensor LMGZ205.2000.25.S01.H29

Panle Electric * Original German BERNSTEIN Sensor SIEM2-UV1Z 6012831022

Panle Electric * Original German ADZ Pressure Sensor 803051

Panle Electric * Original German Wengror Sensor GMBH Sensor YP11MGVL80

Panle Electric * German original Novotech nik Messwertaufnehmer OHG displacement sensor F210G-JWF1312

Panle Electric * German original balluff induction sensor BES 516-211-E6-E-05 BES028U

Panle Electric * German original balluff displacement sensor BTL5-S171-M0100-P-KA05 Nr.BTL03PT

RITTAL cooling device SE5840500

BAUER Motor A \ \ 171N8536

REXROTH servo motor R901017027 24V DC 3A

ATLANTA spare part model: 27 tee 9.525 × 5.72 pitch Order number: 05 07 027

GUARDMASTER spare parts TLS2 GD2 27128 24VDC 10A

HYDAC KHM-40-F6-11141-06X

BAUER BS03-63L/D07LA4-S/E003B9 noM 25455789-2

Staubli quick connector Bestellnummer: KN5070102

FOSECO spare parts 11 NM 699 00000 1479

FD991233VA Wind Speed Sensor Ahlborn Mess und Regelungstechnik GmbH

INA 255936600000NT4201\\D3-G16*24*3

KNOLL 泵 KTS 25-38-T pumps complete with 4.0kW motor.

ITT connector CA120001-55

***DEL spare parts 07003-00341

OMEGA PX4200-005GI pressure transmitter

MTS sensor RHM1105MD631P102

SCHUNK rotary cylinder 0304003 PZV 125

SCHUNK rotary cylinder SRH+20-S 359446

HAKO suction pipe 00035080

DI-SORIC sensor 206437 DCC 08 M 02 PSK-TSL

ABB V18345-2021420001 *** 器

HYDAC sensor HDA4744-B-600-000

HORMEC DOS 900B

AirCom F465-06EL

EUCHNER travel switch 90147

KOBOLD VKG-2207R0R15 G1/2 spare parts

31440001

ELCIS encoder X/45CC/1000/-5/BZ/Y/VN/02

SCHMERSAL switch 101172566 BPS 16

NEIDLEIN spare parts RN4 MK5 81205

MTS GHM1150MR021A0

HYDAC sensor 0110 D 003 BN4HC

CEMBRE 2170150 TLK10-5 terminal

WAMPFLER current transformer 083104-150023

B+R module 8BAC0133.000-1 B37F0170023

AirCom R450-04I

MTS RHM1510MD631P102 Sensor

PREH P20VR pressure transmitter

MTS sensor RHM0160MP101S1G1100

THOMSON electric cylinder PC40PA999-B01-0460CM1

EGE proximity switch SC440/1-A4-GSP

EGE LNZ 10645 24V DC/1BN:+3BU: -4BK: Output PNP-NO/400mA flow detection

KEM flow sensor 2473422

B+W module BWU1938 4I/4O IP20

E+H FTM50-AGG2A2A32AAX high temperature reaches 200

DOBOTECH |VALVE|nbsp;

1-C9B/10KN

BURSTER Pressure Sensor 4462-V200BURSTER force sensor 8526-6001-S000S000BURSTER Potential Displacement Probe 8712-50BURSTER Amplifier 9243BURSTER Resistance Tester 2329 Widerstandsmessger ä tBURSTER force sensor 8526-6100BURSTER Measurement Amplifier 9243BURSTER force sensor 8402-6020BURSTER calibration resistor 1240-00005

BURSTER force sensor 8712-50BURSTER precision resistor 1166S, 0.05% 25 ΩBURSTER Monitor 9311-V0002BURSTER connection cable 99130 L ä nge 3mBurster torque sensor 8661-5001-V0200BURSTER Cable 2381-K006BURSTER force sensor 8524-6200BURSTER 4463-V0000

Burster imported measuring instrument 4463-V0000 from Germany

Burster imported measuring instrument 4463-V0000 from Germany