PNAS: Probiotics are not often beneficial

The related research was published in the journal PNAS under the title "Intendal barrier dysfunction orchestration the onset of inflammation host microbiome cross-talk in a human gut inflammation on-a-chip".

DOI：doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810819115

The triggering of human intestinal inflammation involves a complex process, including mucosal damage, impaired barrier function, and the replenishment and infiltration of immune cells, all of which can lead to inflammatory reactions. Studies in both human and animal models have also shown that,The dysfunctional interaction between intestinal epithelial tissue, microorganisms, and immune components is a key factor in the pathogenesis of inflammation.

However, it is not easy to identify where and which factors can trigger intestinal inflammation in these interactions, as it is impossible to manipulate these complex interactions in existing models. Therefore,It is very important to identify the key regulators that coordinate the occurrence of intestinal inflammation responseBecause this identification will support the development of clinical and treatment options targeting the main initiators of the entire inflammatory cascade. ”The author pointed out.

In this study, the authors used a new 'gut inflammation on-a-chip' that effectively simulates the interactions between intestinal lumen cells, immune cells, and microbiota, allowing them to trigger and monitor the occurrence and development of intestinal inflammation. In this case, researchers simulated the development of inflammation in well studied mouse models and concluded that this may be due toChemical Sodium Glucan Sulfate (DSS)Caused by.

This is UT's Hyun Jung Kim, holding a 'gut-on-a-chip' microphysiological system. [Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin]

Researchers believe that the intestinal inflammation chip is alsoaThe organ-on-a-chip of this lesion. So far, organ chip technology has been used to simulate the function of organs in controlled environments, and this new device enables scientists to fine tune the system by adding and removing key factors.

Dr. Hyun Jung Kim, who led the study, said, "By customizing specific conditions in the gut, we can establish primitive catalysts or initiators for this disease. If we can identify the root cause, we can more accurately find suitable treatment methods

Using this new type of microchip, researchers have found that DSS treatment damages the integrity of the epithelial barrier, the structure of intestinal villi, and the production of mucus without causing cytotoxic damage. In addition, the impact of DSS is reversible, and research results indicate that the interaction between DSS sensitive epithelial cells (DSS sensitive epithelial cells) and immune cells increases oxidative stress, leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines by the gut microbiota and recruitment of immune cells.

Importantly, research has also shown that,Disrupting the integrity and function of the epithelial barrier is a key factor in triggering inflammation. Although the use of probiotics can effectively reduce oxidative stress, the application of probiotics after DSS induced barrier disruption cannot repair epithelial barrier dysfunction and pro-inflammatory response.

The author concludes: 'Using the intestinal inflammation chip, we found that barrier dysfunction is one of the key triggering factors for intestinal inflammation.'.Maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrierFor the inhibition of mucosal oxidative stress and the subsequent pro-inflammatory cascade mediated by host microbiota crosstalk between abnormal cells*That's right

In the future, researchers plan to develop more customized human gut disease models based on their chip technology, such as inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer models, to determine how gut microbiota controls inflammation, cancer metastasis, and the impact of microbiota on cancer immunotherapy efficacy.

Editor in Chief: Eman

reference material:

Probiotics May Not Always Benefit Gut Health

Intestinal barrier dysfunction orchestrates the onset of inflammatory host–microbiome cross-talk in a human gut inflammation-on-a-chip