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Suzhou Micro Flow Nano Biotechnology Co., Ltd
In depth analysis: Working principle and core technological innovation of liposome extruder
Date: 2025-10-14Read: 1
As a drug carrier with targeted delivery function, the particle size and distribution of liposomes directly affect the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs, and the liposome extruder is the core equipment for achieving precise regulation of liposome particle size. From the perspective of working principle, the device operates based on the "forced extrusion membrane filtration" mechanism: firstly, the prepared crude liposome suspension is injected into the feeding chamber, and under nitrogen or hydraulic drive, the suspension is subjected to a certain pressure (usually 10-30MPa) and forced to pass through polycarbonate or ceramic membranes with specific pore sizes; During the squeezing process, liposome particles are subjected to shear and squeezing forces from the membrane pores, gradually being shaped and broken, ultimately forming liposomes with a particle size similar to the membrane pore size and uniform distribution. This process is similar to "sieve filtration", but through pressure regulation, precise control of liposome morphology and size can be achieved. For example, using a 100nm pore size filter membrane can prepare monodisperse liposomes with an average particle size of about 100nm.
In recent years, the core technological innovation of liposome extruders has mainly focused on three directions. One is the upgrade of filter membrane technology. Traditional polycarbonate membranes have problems with poor high pressure resistance and short service life. A new type of ceramic composite filter membrane has emerged, which not only increases the compressive strength to over 50MPa, but also has the characteristics of acid and alkali resistance and easy cleaning. It can be reused dozens of times, greatly reducing production costs. The second is the optimization of the temperature control system. Some of the better equipment integrates a jacket type temperature control module, which can control the temperature of the material during the extrusion process within ± 1 ℃, avoiding liposome fusion or drug degradation caused by temperature fluctuations, especially suitable for the preparation of thermosensitive drug liposomes. The third is the improvement of automation and integration. Early equipment was mostly manually operated and could only process a small amount of samples at a time. However, the new generation of liposome extruders are equipped with automatic feeding, discharging, and cleaning systems, which can achieve continuous production. At the same time, they are linked with online particle size analyzers to monitor changes in liposome particle size in real time and adjust process parameters in a timely manner. These technological innovations have made the application of liposome extruders in fields such as anti-tumor drugs and gene therapy carriers more efficient and precise, providing strong support for targeted drug development.