Gem detection is a complex and specialized field that involves multiple technologies and equipment, with a variety of detection methods, each with its unique advantages and scope of application. Different detection methods are generally required for different types of gemstones, and sometimes specific detection requirements need to be met.

Gem detection methods

Conventional identification:

• naked-eye observationObserve the characteristics of gemstones such as color, shape, transparency, and luster through natural light or artificial light sources.

• Magnify inspectionObserve the internal and external characteristics of gemstones, such as cracks, inclusions, stress cracks, etc., using a magnifying glass or microscope.

• Refractive index measurementDetermine the refractive index of a gemstone by measuring the ratio of the propagation speed of light in air or vacuum to that in the gemstone material.

• Multi-color detectionHeterogeneous colored gemstones exhibit different colors due to selective absorption of light waves.

Special identification:

• Thermal reaction methodSuitable for low melting point jewelry and jade such as amber and plastic, judged by observing the difficulty and odor of sample melting.

• Chemical reaction methodUse dilute hydrochloric acid and other reagents to detect the degree of reaction between gemstones and specific substances.

• Mohs hardness methodDetermine the hardness level of jewelry and jade based on their relative hardness.

• Infrared spectroscopy analysisQualitative or quantitative analysis of the composition or structure of jewelry and jade using the absorption characteristics of infrared light by substances.

  
  

In addition, there are also usesUV fluorescence testingRaman spectroscopy analysisBeam enhanced atomic emission spectroscopy (IBA) and proton enhanced Raman scattering (PIGE)UV Visible Fiber SpectrometerNon destructive testing of gemstones using various methods can efficiently and accurately analyze their chemical composition and structure, providing strong support for gemstone identification.

Spectral analysis method

In gemstone research,Due to the fast measurement speed and accurate and reliable information of infrared spectroscopy technology,As a member of non-destructive testing methods,Spectral analysis has been applied for a long time. Spectral analysis is mainly based on the principles of transmission and reflection measurement to perform full wavelength analysis on the gemstone under test, and then compare it with the standard gemstone spectrum, which is one of the basis for determining the properties of jewelry.

The basic principle is based on the characteristic absorption of light by various minerals or gemstones. By comparing the reflection or transmission spectra of standard gemstones with the corresponding spectra of the sample, the authenticity of the gemstones can be largely distinguished. For example, natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds can be detected using light with a wavelength range of 400~750nm. The transmission spectrum in the infrared band can distinguish whether there are fillers in jadeite. Other gemstones such as ruby, amethyst, sapphire, etc. can also be detected using spectroscopic analysis methods.

Basic testing equipment

A typical gemstone basic measurement system includes a spectrometer, a reflective whiteboard, a reflective probe fiber, a halogen lamp light source, and a reflective integrating sphere.

The absorption spectrum of natural Class Ia diamonds has characteristic wavelengths of 415nm and 478nm, while wavelengths of 592nm and 741nm can be detected in synthetic diamonds, and the absorption peak amplitudes of natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds differ by nearly 10 times.

Opu Tiancheng offers ATP1000 to ATP8000 seriesocean opticsThe working band covers the ultraviolet visible infrared range; By configuring different gratings, slits, and detectors, different parameter requirements such as spectral range, resolution, sensitivity, and signal-to-noise ratio can be met.

Choosing the appropriate spectrometer model and configuration for different types of gemstones can assist users in quickly and accurately distinguishing between genuine and fake gemstones. Its non-destructive nature makes Optosky fiber spectrometer an ideal choice in the field of gemstone detection.