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Common faults and solutions of electronic universal testing machine
Date: 2025-12-24Read: 0

In the long-term use of electronic universal testing machines, faults are mostly concentrated in the three major modules of the drive system, measurement and control system, fixture, and transmission components. The following are common faults, cause analysis, and solutions for plastic testing scenarios:

1 Drive system malfunction

Common Faults

cause of failure

solution

The crossbeam cannot move or is stuck in movement

1. The ball screw lacks lubricating grease and is severely worn; 2. Abnormal power supply of servo motor or encoder failure; 3. The limit switch is triggered or damaged

1. Clean the dust on the surface of the screw and add special lubricating grease; 2. Check the motor power cable and replace the faulty encoder; 3. Reset the limit switch. If it is damaged, replace it

The running speed of the crossbeam does not match the set value

1. Motor parameters (such as speed and torque) are not calibrated; 2. Loose or slipping transmission belt; 3. PID parameter imbalance in the control system

1. Re calibrate the motor speed and match the software speed parameters; 2. Adjust the tension of the belt, and replace it if it is severely worn; 3. Contact the manufacturer's technical personnel to optimize PID parameters

During the experiment, the crossbeam suddenly stopped

1. Sample fracture triggers shutdown protection (normal phenomenon); 2. Equipment overload protection is activated; 3. Excessive fluctuations in power supply voltage

1. Normal replacement of the sample is sufficient; 2. Check if the load exceeds the range and replace the appropriate sensor; 3. Equipped with a regulated power supply to avoid unstable voltage

II Measurement and control system malfunction

Common Faults

cause of failure

solution

The force value is displayed as zero or no change

1. Loose or disconnected wiring of the force sensor; 2. Sensor overload damage; 3. The software is not reset to zero or the parameter settings are incorrect

1. Check the sensor cable connection and re tighten the wiring terminals; 2. Send the sensor to a third-party organization for calibration, and replace it if it is damaged; 3. Perform a reset operation before the experiment and verify the software range selection

Large fluctuations in force values and data jumps

1. The sensor is damp or oxidized; 2. Environmental vibration interference signals; 3. The sliding of the fixture leads to a sudden change in the force value

1. Dry the internal circuit of the sensor and replace the sealing components to prevent moisture; 2. Move the device to a vibration free area and install shock-absorbing pads; 3. Adjust the clamping force of the fixture and replace the anti slip clamping surface pad

displacement/Inaccurate strain measurement

1. The grating ruler/extensometer is covered with dust; 2. The extensometer is not firmly clamped or the elasticity fails; 3. The displacement sensor is not calibrated

1. Wipe the measuring surface of the grating ruler and extensometer with a dust-free cloth; 2. Re clamp the extensometer and replace the clamping claw with elastic failure; 3. Use a standard displacement gauge to calibrate the sensor

Software cannot connect or data cannot be saved

1. Poor contact of the data cable or damage to the driver program; 2. Computer system failure or virus invasion; 3. Software expiration

1. Replace the data cable and reinstall the device driver; 2. Repair the computer system and install antivirus software; 3. Contact the manufacturer to update the software

III Fixture and transmission component malfunction

Common Faults

cause of failure

solution

The sample slips or breaks inside the fixture after being clamped

1. Insufficient clamping force (low air pressure of pneumatic fixture); 2. The clamping surface of the fixture is worn, smooth, and frictionless; 3. The sample clamping is skewed, resulting in lateral force

1. Increase the air pressure of the pneumatic fixture and tighten the screw fixture to the appropriate force; 2. Polish the clamping surface of the fixture and replace the anti slip rubber pad; 3. Adjust the coaxiality of the fixture to ensure that the specimen is in the same direction as the tensile force

The fixture cannot be clamped or loosened

1. Blockage of pneumatic fixture air circuit or leakage of cylinder; 2. The screw rod of the spiral fixture is rusted or stuck

1. Clean up impurities in the air path and replace the leaking cylinder seal ring; 2. Remove rust and apply lubricating grease, regularly maintain the screw rod

4 General troubleshooting precautions

Before any troubleshooting, the main power supply of the equipment must be turned off to prevent electric shock or mechanical damage.

Sensors (force, displacement, extensometer) are precision components and are strictly prohibited from being knocked or dropped. The calibration cycle should not exceed1 year.

If the fault involves adjustment of control system parameters (such asPID、 For motor parameters, it is recommended to contact the manufacturer's technical personnel to avoid misoperation that may cause a decrease in equipment accuracy.

Regularly record the occurrence time, phenomenon, and handling methods of faults, form an equipment fault ledger, and facilitate subsequent preventive maintenance.