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Understanding the following points can help you better use Nikon biological microscopes
Date: 2025-10-18Read: 0
Nikon biological microscope is a commonly used tool in biological research, medical testing, education and teaching, used to observe transparent or semi transparent samples such as cells, tissue sections, microorganisms, etc. To clearly present the morphological structure of cells (such as nucleus, mitochondria, bacterial morphology), special attention should be paid to the following key points.
1、 Sample preparation determines the quality of observation. Biological samples are mostly thin slices (such as blood smears, plant leaf cross-sections), which need to be fixed (such as fixing cell morphology with formaldehyde), stained (such as using hematoxylin eosin staining solution to distinguish between cell nucleus and cytoplasm), and other treatments to contrast the target structure with the background. For live cell observation (such as paramecium movement), physiological saline (0.9% NaCl solution) should be used to maintain cell activity and avoid sample drying and death; If observing thick samples (such as embryonic tissue), it is necessary to make slices (thickness 5-20 μ m, excessive thickness may prevent light from penetrating). Attention: The stained sample should be covered with a cover glass (to avoid liquid evaporation contaminating the lens), and excess liquid should be suctioned off with filter paper (to prevent overflow and corrosion of the microscope).
2、 The adjustment of light source and light path is crucial.Nikon Biological MicroscopeUsually equipped with a transmissive light source (halogen lamp or LED), the brightness needs to be adjusted according to the transparency of the sample (weak light is used for observing live cells to avoid phototoxicity, and moderate brightness is used for staining samples to highlight details). When observing transparent samples (such as onion epidermal cells), it is necessary to adjust the aperture stop of the spotlight (control the size of the beam entering the objective lens, match the aperture with the numerical aperture of the objective lens to improve resolution) and the field stop (limit the illumination range and reduce stray light); If the sample has strong reflection (such as certain algae), a phase difference attachment can be used to enhance the contrast of the transparent structure through phase difference.
3、 Objective lens selection and operation specifications. Nikon biological microscopes offer low magnification objectives (4x, 10x, used to locate target areas), medium magnification objectives (20x, 40x, used to observe the overall structure of cells), and high magnification objectives (100x oil lens, used to analyze the subtle structure of cells). When using a low magnification objective lens, first roughly position the sample on the stage (quickly focus with a coarse adjustment knob), and then switch to a medium to high magnification objective lens for precise observation; When using a 100x oil lens, it is necessary to add tar between the sample and the objective lens (filling the air gap to reduce light refraction loss), and carefully wipe the oil stains on the lens with lens cleaning paper (to avoid residual effects on subsequent observations). Attention: The working distance of the high-power objective lens is extremely short (about 0.1mm), and the focusing should be extremely slow (to prevent the lens from crushing the cover glass or sample).
4、 Daily maintenance extends the service life. After each use, clean the objective lens and eyepiece with lens cleaning paper to avoid direct contact with the lens by hand; Keep the stage clean (residual sample debris may scratch the glass slide); When the microscope is not in use, it is necessary to cover it with a dust cover (to prevent dust from entering the optical path) and turn the objective lens to a lower magnification position (to avoid the high magnification objective lens shifting due to gravity). When not in use for a long time, it is recommended to remove the battery (if it is a portable model) and adjust the light source to a lower brightness or turn it off.
5、 Observation techniques for special samples. When observing live cells, a small amount of culture medium should be dropped onto the glass slide (kept moist), and gently pressed with a cover glass (to remove bubbles and avoid interfering with the observation); If the sample contains pigments (such as chloroplasts), the brightness can be appropriately reduced (to avoid color saturation masking details); When observing microorganisms such as bacteria, it is recommended to use dark field attachments (which highlight the contours of transparent microorganisms through side lighting).
Mastering these key points not only allows you to observe the microscopic world of biological samples more clearly, but also protects themNikon Biological MicroscopeIts optical performance makes it a reliable partner for scientific research and teaching. Whether exploring cellular mysteries or analyzing pathological sections, the correct usage method is the first step to obtaining accurate results.