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Fourier transform infrared spectrometer can measure trace samples with high sensitivity
Date: 2025-08-01Read: 0
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is an instrument that studies molecular structure and substance composition by analyzing the spectra absorbed by substances in the infrared region. Compared with traditional infrared spectrometers, FTIR has advantages such as high sensitivity, rapid analysis, and high resolution, and has therefore been widely used in various fields such as chemistry, materials science, environmental monitoring, and pharmaceuticals.
Fourier transform infrared spectrometerThe main components of:
1. Light source
Wide spectrum infrared light sources are commonly used, including deuterium lamps, tungsten lamps, and silicon light sources. The infrared light emitted by these light sources covers a certain wavelength range, typically ranging from 4000cm ⁻¹ to 400cm ⁻¹.
2. Interferometer
The interferometer is one of the most essential components in FTIR, which divides the monochromatic infrared light emitted by the light source into two beams, one passing through the sample and the other passing through a fixed path. These two beams of light merge again after passing through different paths, forming an interference signal. The interference signal contains the frequency information of the sample, which is converted into an infrared absorption spectrum through Fourier transform.
3. Sample Room
The sample chamber is a crucial part of FTIR, where the samples receive infrared radiation. The sample can be solid, liquid, or gas, and FTIR can be adjusted appropriately by changing the shape and thickness of the sample. Solid samples are usually processed through compression or film methods, while liquid samples can be measured through a liquid cell.
4. Detector
The detector is used to receive infrared light signals after passing through the sample and convert them into electrical signals. Common detectors include thermocouple detectors (such as DTGS), photodiodes (such as MCT detectors), etc. The choice of detector directly affects the sensitivity and signal strength of FTIR instruments.
5. Data processing system
The data processing system is responsible for generating the final infrared absorption spectrum by Fourier transforming the interference signal. The system will compare the wave number of each absorption peak with its corresponding molecular vibration mode to obtain the material composition information of the sample.
Advantages of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer:
1. High sensitivity
FTIR uses interferometers and Fourier transform techniques to quickly collect relatively complete infrared spectral data. Therefore, FTIR can measure trace samples with high sensitivity and is suitable for various complex sample analyses.
2. High resolution
It can provide high spectral resolution, usually up to 0.5cm ⁻¹, or even higher resolution. This is very important for studying samples with complex chemical compositions.
3. Quick analysis
Traditional infrared spectrometers require gradual scanning of signals at each wavelength, while FTIR can simultaneously measure all frequencies and quickly generate infrared spectra through Fourier transform. Therefore, complete spectral data can be obtained in a short period of time, greatly improving work efficiency.
4. Non destructive analysis
It is a non-contact and non-destructive analysis method. Due to the longer wavelength of infrared light, it usually does not cause damage to the sample and can be used for the analysis of precious, fragile, or irreplaceable samples.
5. Wide range of applications
Not only suitable for the analysis of solid, liquid, and gas samples, but also capable of surface analysis, thin film measurement, and more. It has a wide range of applications in chemistry, materials science, environmental monitoring, food testing, biomedical and other fields.