In the fields of mechanical manufacturing, automotive components, aerospace, etc., material hardness is the core indicator for evaluating product strength, wear resistance, and service life. As a brand of hardness testing equipment, Philo's three series of hardness testers - Rockwell, Brinell, and Vickers - are designed with targeted measurement principles and techniques to meet the needs of different materials and testing scenarios. A deep understanding of the differences in measurement principles among these three types of hardness testers is a key prerequisite for achieving accurate detection of material hardness and ensuring product quality.

The Phistulo hardness tester uses the core measurement principle of "secondary loading indentation depth difference" and focuses on rapid and accurate detection of metal materials. The workflow is divided into two stages: first, apply an initial test force (usually 10kgf) to preliminarily press the diamond indenter (or hard alloy ball indenter) into the material surface, eliminating errors caused by surface roughness; Subsequently, apply the main test force to further press the indenter in, maintain stability, and then remove the main test force, retaining only the initial test force. The device calculates the hardness value by measuring the difference in indentation depth between two loads and comparing it with a Rockwell hardness scale (such as HRC, HRB). The advantage of this principle lies in its high detection efficiency (single measurement ≤ 3 seconds), small indentation, suitable for detecting precision parts that have already been processed, such as automotive bearings, cutting tools, etc., without the need for complex measurement of indentation, and low operating threshold.

The Fischer Tropsch Brinell hardness tester is designed for medium to low hardness materials and coarse-grained materials based on the principle of "indentation surface area load". It uses a hard alloy ball indenter with a larger diameter (usually 5mm, 10mm), which is pressed into the material surface under a constant test force (500kgf-3000kgf), held for a specified time, and then the load is removed. By measuring the average diameter of the indentation, the pressure per unit indentation area is calculated, which is the Brinell hardness value (HBW). The combination of a large diameter indenter and a large test force enables the indentation to fully reflect the overall hardness characteristics of the material, avoiding errors caused by local unevenness in coarse-grained materials such as cast iron and aluminum alloy forgings. In the inspection of heavy workpieces such as ship steel plates and large machinery bases, the measurement results of Brinell hardness tester are more representative, and the indentation is clear and easy to measure, with excellent data repeatability.

The Philo Vickers hardness tester uses the "diamond pyramid indentation diagonal" as the measurement core, and is a versatile device that balances high precision and wide applicability. It uses a regular square pyramid diamond indenter (apex angle 136 °) to press the material under a small test force (10gf-10kgf). After unloading, the length of the two diagonal lines of the indentation is measured by a microscope, and the Vickers hardness value (HV) is calculated based on the average value of the diagonal lines. The outstanding advantage of this principle lies in its extremely wide measurement range, which can detect various materials from soft aluminum alloys (HV50) to superhard tool steels (HV1000 and above); The range of available test forces is large, with small test forces suitable for precision parts such as metal foils and electronic components, and large test forces suitable for structural steel testing. In the testing of titanium alloy components in the aerospace industry and chip packaging materials in the semiconductor industry, the high precision (diagonal measurement accuracy ± 0.1 μ m) of Vickers hardness tester can meet the strict quality control requirements.

The differences in the principles of the three types of hardness testers determine their scene adaptation characteristics: Rockwell hardness testers are used for "fast and non-destructive" adaptation to batch precision part testing; Brinell hardness tester relies on "overall characterization" to focus on the detection of medium and low hardness large components; Vickers hardness tester relies on "precise broad-spectrum" to cover special materials and high-precision requirements. Philo has optimized its technology for different principle characteristics, such as the Roche series equipped with an automatic head switching device, the Brinell series equipped with a high-definition camera to automatically measure indentation, and the Vickers series integrated with an automatic focusing microscope, further improving detection efficiency and convenience.

The principle design of the three major series of hardness testers from Phistus revolves around "scenario requirements". From rapid screening on the production line to precise analysis in the laboratory, from heavy workpieces to micro components, each type of equipment achieves performance breakthroughs through targeted measurement principles. By matching the hardness range of materials, workpiece size, and detection accuracy requirements, selecting the appropriate Philo hardness tester can ensure the reliability of detection data and improve quality control efficiency, providing a solid guarantee for material testing in various industries.