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The division dimensions of battery testing standards are diverse, and the core basis isBattery type (secondary lithium, primary battery, lead-acid, etc.) andApplication scenarios (consumer electronics, new energy vehicles, energy storage, industrial equipment, etc.) The safety, performance, and lifespan requirements for batteries vary greatly in different scenarios, leading to the emergence ofinternationally accepted、Regional Mandatory、Industry exclusiveWaiting for multiple types of standards.webelowTranslate into Englishfrom From the dual dimensions of "battery type+application field", systematically sort out the mainstream global battery testing standards, covering core testing content and applicable scope.
Secondary lithium batteries (rechargeable, such as lithium-ion and lithium polymer batteries) are currently the most comprehensive field in terms of standard system, which can be further divided intoSmall batteries for consumer electronics、Power batteries for new energy vehicles、Large batteries for energy storageThree major categories.
The core requirement for this type of battery is “Miniaturization, safety, portability”The standard focuses on electrical safety, mechanical shock resistance, and environmental adaptability.
standard code |
Establishing institutions |
Scope of Application |
Core testing projects |
IEC 62133 |
International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） |
Secondary lithium for portable devices /Nickel hydrogen battery |
Overcharge, short circuit, compression, needle puncture, temperature cycling, vibration, free fall, capacity /Cycle life test |
UL 2054 |
American Underwriters Laboratories（UL） |
Portable secondary lithium battery /Battery pack |
同 IEC 62133， Strengthen heat abuse testing (insulation at 130 ℃/150 ℃) and verify the effectiveness of overcurrent protection |
GB 31241 |
China National Standardization Administration |
Portable secondary lithium battery /Battery pack |
equivalent to IEC 62133， Add "battery pack balance test" (to avoid excessive voltage differences between individual cells) and low-temperature discharge requirements |
EN 62133 |
The European Union (based on IEC 62133） |
Consumer electronics batteries in the EU market |
and IEC 62133 is consistent and requires CE certification (EMC testing such as EN 61000) |
The core requirement for power batteries is High capacity, long lifespan, and resistance to working conditions ", with a focus on standardsHigh power charging and discharging, thermal runaway protection, mechanical strengthAnd it needs to match the complex usage environment of the vehicle (high temperature, vibration, collision).
standard code |
Establishing institutions |
Scope of Application |
Core testing projects |
IEC 62660-1/-2 |
International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） |
Lithium ion battery system for electric vehicles |
-Performance: High rate charge and discharge (3C/5C), cycle life (≥ 1000 times), low-temperature performance (-20 ℃ discharge) - Safety: Needle punching, squeezing (50kN force), seawater immersion, thermal runaway spread protection |
GB/T 31485 |
The State Administration for Market Regulation of China |
Safety requirements for power batteries used in electric vehicles |
equivalent IEC 62660， Strengthen the "thermal runaway warning" test (alarm should be triggered 30 seconds before thermal runaway) and external fire test (700 ℃ flame burning) |
GB/T 31486 |
The State Administration for Market Regulation of China |
Performance requirements for power batteries used in electric vehicles |
Key assessment of capacity retention rate（-30 ℃ ≥ 50%), fast charging performance (charging to 80% capacity in 30 minutes), life decay (2000 times ≤ 20%) |
UL 1973 |
American Underwriters Laboratories（UL） |
Batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage systems |
Covering electrical safety (overvoltage) /Overcurrent protection, mechanical safety (impact, vibration), environmental safety (high and low temperature cycling), compatible with power batteries and energy storage batteries |
UN 38.3 |
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods |
Transportation safety of all batteries (including power batteries) |
Compulsory transportation test: height simulation（9144m vacuum), temperature cycling (-40 ℃~75 ℃), vibration, shock, short circuit, overcharge, extrusion |
Energy storage batteries need to meet the requirements The standard focuses on "long-term charging and discharging, high safety, and system compatibility"Thermal runaway protection, system integration safety, and grid adaptability.
standard code |
Establishing institutions |
Scope of Application |
Core testing projects |
IEC 62933-1/-2 |
International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） |
Lithium ion batteries for energy storage systems |
-Safety: Thermal runaway propagation (single cell runaway does not spread to adjacent cells), over temperature protection, insulation resistance (≥ 100M Ω) - Performance: Deep charge discharge cycles (≥ 3000 times), power density |
GB/T 36276 |
The State Administration for Market Regulation of China |
Lithium ion batteries for electric energy storage |
For power grid scenarios: charging and discharging efficiency（≥ 90%), high and low temperature adaptability (-30 ℃~55 ℃), anti islanding effect test |
UL 9540 |
American Underwriters Laboratories（UL） |
Energy storage system (including battery, inverter) |
System level security: thermal runaway suppression, fire protection design, electromagnetic compatibility（EMC）， Need to pass the 'system integration testing' |
A battery (such as AA/AAA dry batteries and button batteries (CR2032) are mainly used for low-power devices (remote controls, toys, electronic clocks), with a focus on standardsDischarge performance, leakage protection, environmental safety.
standard code |
Establishing institutions |
Scope of Application |
Core testing projects |
IEC 60086-1/-2/-3 |
International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） |
Primary batteries (dry batteries, button batteries) |
-Performance: Room temperature discharge life, high and low temperature discharge performance (-20 ℃~40 ℃) - Safety: Short circuit test (no fire), leakage test (no electrolyte leakage after storage), mechanical strength (no rupture during compression) |
GB/T 7168 |
The State Administration for Market Regulation of China |
Primary battery and battery pack |
equivalent IEC 60086， New requirement for "child safety" (button batteries must have anti swallowing design, such as a locking shell) |
ANSI C18.1M |
American National Standards Institute（ANSI） |
Primary batteries in the US market |
and IEC 60086 compatibility, with a focus on "American operating conditions" testing for discharge performance (such as high current pulse discharge) |
Although these types of batteries are gradually being replaced by lithium batteries, they are still widely used in specific fields such as car starting, emergency power, and electric tools, with standards focusing onOvercharge resistance, cycle life, environmental adaptability.
Battery Type |
Core standards |
Establishing institutions |
Core testing projects |
lead-acid battery |
GB/T 18332.1 |
The State Administration for Market Regulation of China |
Lead acid batteries for start-up: cold start performance（-18 ℃ discharge voltage ≥ 7.2V), cycle life (≥ 300 times), overcharge tolerance (2.4V/10 hours of single charge without leakage) |
lead-acid battery |
IEC 60896-21 |
International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） |
Fixed lead-acid battery (for energy storage): float charging life（≥ 10 years), deep discharge recovery capability |
Nickel-metal hydride battery |
IEC 61951-2 |
International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） |
Nickel hydrogen batteries for power tools: high rate discharge（10C current), cycle life (≥ 500 times), memory effect test (capacity recovery after partial discharge) |
nickel-cadmium battery |
IEC 61951-1 |
International Electrotechnical Commission（IEC） |
emphasize Environmental requirements (limit cadmium content to ≤ 0.002%), overcharge protection (no thermal runaway) |
1、press “target market”Select Regional Standards
◦Export to North America: Priority given to meetingULSeries（UL 2054/UL 1973/UL 9540）+ UN 38.3(Transportation);
◦Export to the EU: must comply withIEC/ENSeries（EN 62133/IEC 62660）+ CECertification（EMCTesting);
◦Domestic sales: must passGBSeries（GB 31241/GB/T 31485/GB/T 36276）.
2、press “Application scenarios”Select functional standards
◦Consumer electronics small batteries: key focusIEC 62133/UL 2054/GB 31241(Emphasis on portability and safety);
◦New energy vehicle battery: mandatory testGB/T 31485/GB/T 31486 + UN 38.3(Focusing on vehicle operating conditions);
◦Energy storage battery: priorityIEC 62933/GB/T 36276/UL 9540(Emphasis on system security and long lifespan).
3、Universal mandatory standards:UN 38.3
Regardless of the type of battery, as long as it involves “Cross border transportation”(Sea freight, air freight), must pass throughUN 38.3Test, otherwise the dangerous goods transportation identification report cannot be processed（DGM）.
The essence of battery testing standards is “Set a bottom line for battery safety and performance in different scenarios”Its development trend presents two major characteristics:
1、Continuous upgrading of security requirements: From “Single cell safety”steering“System level protection”(such as thermal runaway spread testing of power batteries and fire protection design of energy storage batteries);
2、Deepening scenario based segmentationExclusive standards for specific fields, such as medical device batteries and drone batteries, are gradually being improved (e.gIEC 60601-1-11Electromagnetic compatibility requirements for medical batteries.
For enterprises, understanding and following corresponding standards is not only about “The threshold for market access”It is also the core guarantee for avoiding product recall risks and establishing user trust; For consumers, identify whether the product meets mainstream standards (such as those on batteries)ULTheGBThe symbol is an important reference for judging safety.
In the next few issues, we will provide a detailed introduction to the testing rules in the standard. For more inquiries, please follow us"Aoxu Zhaochen" official account.