1、 Formation and Preliminary Preparation of Liposomes

Before extruding SiRNA liposomes, it is usually necessary to chemically bind SiRNA with lipid materials to form a preliminary liposome solution. Liposomes are spherical structures composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate SiRNA molecules, protect them from nuclease degradation, and help them enter the interior of cells. However, the initially formed liposomes often have larger particle sizes and uneven distribution, which can affect their delivery efficiency and stability in vivo. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize it through extrusion technology.

2、 Extrusion principle and process

The core working principle is to use physical squeezing to pass the liposome solution through a membrane or filter with a certain pore size. When the liposome solution passes through the membrane pores, larger liposome particles are forcibly decomposed into smaller particles, and the smaller particles also rearrange and fuse under pressure. This process can effectively reduce the particle size of liposomes and make their distribution more uniform.

The extrusion process usually requires a certain temperature and pressure to be carried out. The control of temperature is to ensure that the phospholipid bilayer of liposomes is in a suitable flow state, thereby facilitating the rearrangement and fusion of liposome particles. The application of pressure is to ensure that the liposome solution can smoothly pass through the membrane pores. Through repeated extrusion operations, the particle size of liposomes can gradually decrease to the nanometer level, usually around 100 nanometers. This particle size range is of great significance for drug delivery and cellular uptake in vivo.

3、 The importance of particle size homogenization

One important goal of SiRNA liposome extruder is to achieve uniformity of liposome particle size. Liposomes with uniform particle size have better stability and biocompatibility, which can effectively avoid rapid clearance in vivo and are more easily taken up by cells. In addition, a uniform particle size distribution also helps improve drug delivery efficiency, ensuring that SiRNA can accurately reach target cells and exert gene silencing effects. Through extrusion technology, the particle size distribution of liposomes can be significantly reduced, thereby improving the quality and efficacy of drugs.

4、 The impact on drug delivery

By optimizing the particle size and uniformity of liposomes, the delivery performance of SiRNA drugs has been significantly improved. Nanoscale liposomes can better penetrate the cell membrane and enter the interior of cells, thereby improving the cellular uptake efficiency of SiRNA. At the same time, a uniform particle size distribution makes the distribution of drugs in the body more uniform, reducing the accumulation of drugs in non target tissues and lowering potential side effects. In addition, the extruded liposomes have higher stability and tolerance, and can maintain structural integrity in complex physiological environments, ensuring that SiRNA is not degraded before reaching the target cells.

The working principle of SiRNA liposome extruder is based on physical extrusion and membrane pore filtration. Through this process, the particle size of liposomes can be effectively reduced and the particle size can be homogenized. This optimization process is of great significance for improving the delivery efficiency, stability, and biocompatibility of SiRNA drugs, providing important technical support for the development and application of gene therapy drugs.