Shanghai Hengzhe Direct Supply L+B Blue Treasure Encoder GEL292VN01000

Shanghai Hengzhe Direct Supply L+B Blue Treasure Encoder GEL292VN01000

Semi automatic adjustment with digital position display

The SeGMO Assist digital position display simplifies manual adjustment procedures by displaying nominal and actual positions. The model can be used for both rotary and linear applications. HMI design provides support for you when replacing formatting components or tools, such as in packaging machines.

SeGMo positioning driver for fully automatic adjustment

SeGMo positioning driver is a complete mechatronics system with a battery free multi turn rotary encoder, gears and motors, as well as integrated power and control electronics. We also provide these for independent use. With a nominal torque of up to 18 Nm, they cover the typical capacity range of the secondary axle. Integrate the positioning driver directly into your control system using our feature blocks.

Next is the logical operation and decision-making stage. The CPU analyzes and calculates the collected data based on preset control programs (such as logic rules, motion trajectories, PID algorithms) to generate control instructions. For example, in a temperature control system, the controller compares the deviation between the actual temperature and the set temperature through PID algorithm to calculate the output power of the heating equipment; In robot motion control, the controller decomposes the motion parameters of each axis motor based on the preset trajectory.

Finally, there is the instruction execution phase. The controller converts control instructions into signals recognizable by the executing mechanism through the output module, driving equipment such as motors, cylinders, valves, etc. to adjust the production process. At the same time, the controller receives real-time feedback signals from the executing mechanism, dynamically adjusts control instructions, forms closed-loop control, and ensures control accuracy and stability.

Incremental Encoder: The "Position and Velocity Scale" in the Industrial Inspection Field

In industrial automation production, position positioning, speed monitoring, and motion trajectory control are the core requirements to ensure the precise operation of equipment. From the spindle speed regulation of CNC machine tools to the joint motion of robots, from synchronous conveying of assembly lines to floor positioning of elevators, high-precision detection components are indispensable. As a sensor based on displacement incremental signal detection, incremental encoder has become a widely used position and velocity detection device in the industrial field due to its core advantages of simple structure, controllable cost, fast response, and strong reliability. It converts mechanical motion into pulse electrical signals, providing real-time position changes and speed feedback to the controller, and is a key "bridge" connecting mechanical actuators and electronic control systems. This article will systematically interpret the technical connotation and industrial value of incremental encoders from the aspects of working principle, core structure, technical parameters, installation and maintenance, application scenarios, and development trends.

1、 Working principle: The "displacement sensing logic" behind pulse signals

The core working principle of incremental encoders is "mechanical motion optical/electromagnetic signal electrical pulse conversion". By detecting the displacement increment of moving parts, a series of regular pulse signals are output. The controller indirectly obtains key parameters such as position and velocity by counting the number of pulses and calculating the pulse frequency. Its working process can be divided into three core stages, presenting the characteristics of real-time response and continuous detection as a whole:

Core structure: Precise collaborative "signal detection system"

Although the structure of incremental encoders is not complex, the precise coordination of each component directly affects the detection accuracy and stability. The core structure mainly includes the encoder disc, detection unit, signal processing circuit, shaft system, and housing. Each part plays its own role, forming a complete signal detection system:

（1） Code wheel

The encoder disk is the core component of an incremental encoder, which is a circular thin sheet (usually 10-50mm in diameter). The material is divided into glass (optical), metal (electromagnetic/grating), and plastic (low-cost optical) according to the detection principle. The glass encoder is etched with uniformly distributed transparent stripes on the surface through photolithography technology, with high accuracy (up to 10000 lines/revolution) and strong wear resistance, but poor impact resistance; Metal code discs are formed with magnetic grooves through stamping or corrosion, with high mechanical strength and impact resistance, suitable for harsh working conditions, but with relatively low accuracy (usually ≤ 5000 lines/revolution); Plastic coding discs have low cost and light weight, but poor heat resistance and wear resistance, and are only suitable for low-speed, low precision scenarios. The number of stripes/grooves (lines) on the encoder directly determines the resolution of the encoder, and the more lines there are, the higher the detection accuracy.

（2） Detection unit

The detection unit is responsible for signal acquisition and preliminary conversion, and is divided into three types according to the working principle: optical, electromagnetic, and Hall type:

Optical detection unit: composed of a light source (LED), a condenser lens, and a photosensitive element (photodiode, phototransistor). The light beam emitted by the light source is focused by the condenser lens and irradiated onto the code wheel. The transparent stripes allow the light beam to pass through, while the light blocking stripes block it. The photosensitive element converts the light signal into an electrical signal, which is a widely used detection method with high accuracy and fast response;

Electromagnetic detection unit: composed of an excitation coil and an induction coil. The excitation coil generates an alternating magnetic field, and the magnetic field distribution is changed when the magnetic teeth of the code disk rotate. The induction coil outputs an induced electromotive force signal, which is resistant to pollution and vibration, and is suitable for harsh environments with high dust and oil pollution;

Shanghai Hengzhe Direct Supply L+B Blue Treasure Encoder GEL292VN01000

Motion Controller

The motion controller focuses on precise control of mechanical motion, with core functions including trajectory planning, position control, speed adjustment, etc. It can drive servo motors and stepper motors to achieve high-precision positioning and motion coordination. According to the number of control axes, it can be divided into single axis and multi axis motion controllers. Multi axis controllers support complex motion trajectories such as linear interpolation and arc interpolation, and are suitable for scenarios such as robots, CNC machine tools, and automated assembly lines that require motion accuracy. The positioning accuracy can reach micrometer level, meeting the needs of precision manufacturing.

output signal

The output signals of incremental encoders mainly include A/B two-phase orthogonal pulses (standard configuration) and Z-phase zero position pulses (optional). The output forms are divided into collector open circuit output, push-pull output, and differential output

Open collector output: simple structure, low cost, but weak anti-interference ability, short transmission distance (≤ 10 meters), suitable for close range and low interference scenarios;

Push pull output: Medium anti-interference ability, transmission distance ≤ 20 meters, suitable for most industrial controllers;

Differential output: Through differential signal transmission, it has strong resistance to electromagnetic interference, with a transmission distance of over 100 meters. It is suitable for industrial sites with long distances and strong interference, such as machine tools and production lines.

A square wave encoder is a sensor that measures the position, velocity, or rotation angle of an object by outputting a square wave signal. Its core is to convert mechanical motion into digital electrical signals that can be recognized by controllers, widely used in scenarios such as motor control and automation equipment.

Core working principle

The operation of a square wave encoder relies on two key components and signal processing logic, as follows:

Code wheel and photoelectric component: There is a rotating code wheel with uniform grooves inside, and light sources and photoelectric receivers are installed on both sides of the code wheel. When the code wheel rotates, the light is alternately blocked by the grooves, and the photoelectric receiver outputs a square wave signal with alternating high and low levels.

A. B-phase signal: usually outputs two square waves, A and B, with a phase difference of 90 °. By determining the triggering sequence of phase A and phase B, the controller can recognize the rotation direction of the code wheel (clockwise or counterclockwise); By counting the number of square wave pulses per unit time, the rotation speed or movement distance can be calculated.

Main types and differences

According to whether the "zero position" can be determined, square wave encoders are mainly divided into two categories, with different applicable scenarios.

typeCore FeaturesApplicable scenarios

Incremental square wave encoderNo zero position, only outputting pulse signals of relative displacement; After power failure, the position information is lost and needs to be recalibrated.Scenarios such as motor speed control and conveyor belt speed monitoring only require relative positions.

Square wave encoderThere is a zero position, and the output square wave signal can directly correspond to the position; The location information will not be lost after power failure.Scenes that require precise positioning, such as robot joint positioning and CNC machine tool workbenches.

Key performance parameters

When choosing a square wave encoder, three core parameters should be considered:

Resolution: The unit is "Pulse Per Rotation (PPR)", which represents the number of square wave pulses output per revolution of the encoder. The higher the value, the higher the measurement accuracy.

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