Lead acid sealed batteries for new energy storage, 12V-38AH

Solar energy, as a new type of clean energy, is highly praised by environmentalists. However, what should we do when there is no sun? Solar batteries exist for this situation.

Photovoltaic off grid power generation system is a power generation system that uses the principle of photoelectric effect to convert solar energy into electrical energy. It usually consists of solar cell modules, controllers, battery packs, DC/AC inverters, etc.

The function of solar cell modules is to convert solar energy into electrical energy, which can be used to power loads or charge battery packs; The function of the controller is to protect the charging and discharging of the battery pack; The battery pack is used to store electrical energy; The function of an inverter is to convert direct current into alternating current. When the solar cell modules cannot work at night or on rainy days, the battery pack supplies power to the load for operation.

The working mode of batteries can be divided into two types: cyclic use and float charging use. Frequently in a state of frequent charging and discharging, i.e. cyclic use; If the battery is frequently in a charging state, it is used for float charging, which can compensate for the capacity loss caused by self discharge of the battery. VRLA batteries used in photovoltaic power generation systems belong to the cyclic use mode.
Lead acid sealed batteries for new energy storage, 12V-38AHMethods for identifying quality advantages and disadvantages
Using such standards and methods to identify and select solar energy is not wrong!
To make the battery system highly reliable, the first step is to select the battery correctly. UPS and communication batteries have different designs: some batteries have good cycling characteristics; Some batteries are suitable for starting; Some batteries are suitable for low-temperature environments; Some batteries are suitable for low current discharge, etc.
It is essential to understand the differences in technology and usage of various batteries when selecting them. Firstly, it is necessary to fully understand the user's own needs for the product. For example, the capacity requirements of the backup power system, frequency of use, operating environment, main purpose, service life, reliability requirements, instantaneous discharge rate, rectifier specifications, and other requirements related to battery performance.
Secondly, it is necessary to understand the electrical performance of the battery, including product design parameters (battery model, appearance size, rated capacity, rated voltage, weight, weight to energy ratio, volume to energy ratio, design life, number of positive and negative plates, thickness ratio of positive and negative plates, electrolyte density, plate and grid materials, etc.), product electrical performance parameters, actual service life of the product, installation and use environment, performance and price of different models, warranty period of different types of products, etc. Solar batteries are a new type of product that has the advantages of energy conservation and energy saving, as well as environmental protection. When necessary, they can also help improve efficiency. For example, during power outages, solar energy storage can be utilized to avoid potential losses and consequences. So the knowledge introduced today is relevant information worth referring to, including the principles and recommendations of solar batteries, as well as detailed information about their advantages and characteristics.

1、 Introduction to solar batteries

Solar batteries are the application of 'storage batteries' in solar photovoltaic power generation. Currently, there are four types of batteries used: maintenance free lead-acid batteries, ordinary lead-acid batteries, colloidal batteries, and alkaline nickel cadmium batteries. The widely used solar energy batteries in China are mainly lead-acid maintenance free batteries and gel batteries. These two types of batteries are suitable for reliable solar power systems, especially unmanned workstations, due to their inherent "maintenance free" characteristics and less pollution to the environment.

Solar batteries should have the following characteristics

1. It has good deep circulation ability and excellent overcharge and overdischarge capabilities.

Long life battery with special process design and colloidal electrolyte guarantee.

3 batteries that can be used normally under different environmental requirements, such as high altitude, high temperature, low temperature, etc.

Working principle of solar battery

During the day, sunlight shines on the solar panels, causing them to generate a certain amplitude of DC voltage. This converts light energy into electrical energy, which is then transmitted to the intelligent controller. After being protected by the intelligent controller's overcharge, the electrical energy transmitted from the solar panels is stored in the battery; And storage requires a battery, which is an electrochemical device that stores chemical energy and releases electrical energy when necessary.

The knowledge introduced in the previous text for lead-acid sealed batteries 12V-38AH for new energy storage includes the advantages, characteristics, and recommendations of solar batteries. In addition, in order to facilitate consumer users, we further covered the basic content of other areas, including the application and principles of solar batteries. As professional information, we help everyone establish a reasonable and systematic understanding. When necessary, we can also avoid seeking help from other personnel and rely on our own abilities to ensure feasible solutions, thereby further achieving reasonable effects or advantageous characteristics. In the history of solar energy development, the phenomenon of "light generating electricity" caused by light shining on materials was discovered as early as the 19th century.
In 1839, photovoltaics were discovered by French physicist A.E. Becquerel. The term 'photovoltaic' only appeared in English in 1849.
In 1883, block solar cells were successfully prepared by Charles Fritts. Charles formed a semiconductor metal junction by overlaying a very thin layer of gold on a selenium semiconductor, resulting in a device efficiency of only 1%.
In the 1930s, the principle of light induced electricity behavior was widely used in camera exposure meters.
In 1946, Russell Ohl applied for the manufacture of modern solar cells.
In the 1950s, with the gradual understanding of semiconductor properties and advances in processing technology, in 1954, when Bell Laboratories in the United States discovered that adding a certain amount of impurities to silicon made it more sensitive to light, a solar cell was born at Bell Laboratories. The era of solar cell technology has finally arrived.
Since the 58th century, artificial satellites launched by the United States have been using solar cells as a source of energy.
During the energy crisis of the 1970s, countries around the world became aware of the importance of energy development.
In 1973, the oil crisis occurred and people began to shift the application of solar cells to general livelihood purposes.
In countries such as the United States, Japan, and Israel, solar installations have been widely used and are moving towards commercialization goals.
Among these, the United States established the world's largest solar power plant in California in 1983, which can generate up to 16 megawatts of electricity. South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and others in southern Africa have also set up special projects to encourage remote rural areas to install low-cost solar cell power generation systems.
Japan actively promotes solar power generation. In 1994, Japan implemented a subsidy and reward system to promote the "parallel solar photovoltaic system" with a capacity of 3000 watts per household. In the year, 49% of the funding was subsidized, and future subsidies will gradually decrease year by year. The 'grid parallel solar photovoltaic system' is a system that uses solar cells to provide electrical energy to its own loads when there is sufficient sunlight. If there is excess electricity, it is stored separately. When the power generation is insufficient or non-existent, the required electricity is provided by the power company. By 1996, there were 2600 households in Japan equipped with solar power generation systems, with a total installed capacity of 8 megawatts. One year later, there were already 9400 installations with a total installed capacity of 32 megawatts. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the implementation of subsidy systems, it is estimated that the demand for solar cells in Japanese households will also rapidly increase.
The solar power generation industry has also received strong encouragement and funding. In March 2009, the Ministry of Finance announced plans to subsidize large-scale solar energy projects such as solar photovoltaic buildings
Sunlight shines on the p-n junction of a semiconductor, forming new hole electron pairs. Under the action of the built-in electric field in the p-n junction, photo generated holes flow towards the p region, and photo generated electrons flow towards the n region. When the circuit is connected, a current is generated. This is the working principle of photoelectric effect solar cells.
There are two ways of solar power generation, one is the light heat electricity conversion method, and the other is the direct light electricity conversion method.
Light heat electricity conversion
The light heat electricity conversion method generates electricity by utilizing the heat energy generated by solar radiation. Generally, the absorbed heat energy is converted into steam of the working medium by a solar collector, which then drives a steam turbine to generate electricity. The previous process is the light heat conversion process; The latter process is the thermoelectric conversion process, similar to ordinary thermal power generation. The disadvantage of solar thermal power generation is low efficiency and high cost. It is estimated that its investment is at least 5-10 times more expensive than ordinary thermal power plants. A 1000MW solar thermal power plant requires an investment of 2 to 2.5 billion US dollars, with an average investment of 2000 to 2500 US dollars per 1kW. Therefore, it can only be applied on a small scale to special occasions, and large-scale utilization is not cost-effective economically and cannot compete with ordinary thermal or nuclear power plants.
Direct conversion of light to electricity
Solar cell power generation is made based on the photoelectric properties of specific materials. Blackbody (such as the sun) emits electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths (corresponding to different frequencies), such as infrared, ultraviolet, visible light, and so on. When these rays are irradiated on different conductors or semiconductors, photons interact with free electrons in the conductors or semiconductors to generate currents. The shorter the wavelength and higher the frequency of radiation, the higher the energy it possesses. For example, ultraviolet radiation has much higher energy than infrared radiation. However, not all wavelengths of radiation can be converted into electrical energy. It is worth noting that the photoelectric effect is independent of the intensity of the radiation, and only when the frequency reaches or exceeds the threshold at which the photoelectric effect can occur, can current be generated. The large wavelength of light that can induce photoelectric effect in semiconductors is related to the bandgap width of the semiconductor. For example, the bandgap width of crystalline silicon is about 1.155 eV at room temperature, so light with a wavelength less than 1100 nm is necessary to induce photoelectric effect in crystalline silicon. Solar cell power generation is a renewable and environmentally friendly way of generating electricity, which does not produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide during the power generation process and does not cause pollution to the environment. According to the production materials, they are divided into silicon-based semiconductor cells, CdTe thin film cells, CIGS thin film cells, dye-sensitized thin film cells, organic material cells, etc. Among them, silicon cells are divided into monocrystalline cells, polycrystalline cells, and amorphous silicon thin film cells. The important parameter for solar cells is conversion efficiency. In silicon-based solar cells developed in the laboratory, the efficiency of monocrystalline silicon cells is 25.0%, polycrystalline silicon cells is 20.4%, CIGS thin film cells are 19.6%, CdTe thin film cells are 16.7%, and amorphous silicon (amorphous silicon) thin film cells are 10.1%
A solar cell is a photovoltaic component that can convert energy, and its basic structure is made by bonding P-type and N-type semiconductors. The basic material of semiconductors is "silicon", which is non-conductive. However, if different impurities are doped into the semiconductor, it can be made into P-type and N-type semiconductors. Then, the P-type semiconductor has a hole (the P-type semiconductor loses one negatively charged electron, which can be regarded as an additional positive charge), and the potential difference between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor adds one free electron to generate current. Therefore, when sunlight shines, it can excite the electrons in silicon atoms, causing convection of electrons and holes. These electrons and holes will be affected by the built-in potential and attracted to the N-type and P-type semiconductors respectively, and gather at both ends. At this point, if electrodes are connected externally to form a circuit, this is the principle of solar cell power generation.
Simply put, the principle of solar photovoltaic power generation is to use solar cells to absorb solar light with wavelengths of 0.4 μ m to 1.1 μ m (for silicon crystals), and directly convert the light energy into electrical energy for output.
Due to the fact that the electricity generated by solar cells is direct current, it is necessary to install a direct/alternating current converter to convert it into alternating current in order to provide electricity to household appliances or other types of appliances.
The charging development of solar cells. When solar cells are applied to consumer goods, most of them have charging problems. In the past, nickel hydrogen or nickel cadmium dry batteries were commonly used as charging objects, but nickel hydrogen dry batteries cannot withstand high temperatures and nickel cadmium dry batteries have environmental pollution problems. Supercapacitors have developed rapidly, with extremely large capacity, shrinking area, and low prices. Therefore, some solar products have started to use supercapacitors as charging objects, which has improved many problems in solar charging:
Charging is faster,
More than 5 times longer lifespan,
The charging temperature range is wide,
Reduce the usage of solar cells (can be charged at low voltage)