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Sharing of functional characteristics of various components of laser diffraction particle size analyzer
Date: 2025-10-23Read: 0
In fields such as materials science, pharmaceuticals, and chemical engineering, laser diffraction particle size analyzers can quickly and accurately measure the particle size distribution of particles ranging from nanometers to millimeters. Behind its excellent performance is the result of multiple precision components working together. Only by understanding the functional characteristics of each component of the laser diffraction particle size analyzer can one truly master this analytical instrument.
1. Laser light source
Laser sources usually use highly stable helium neon lasers or semiconductor lasers, with wavelengths mostly at 632.8nm or 405nm. Their core characteristics are good monochromaticity, strong directionality, and high coherence, ensuring uniform and stable incident beams and providing a foundation for precise scattering.
2. Sample dispersion system
Whether it is dry or wet injection, a dispersion system is crucial. The wet process system uses ultrasound and stirring to fully suspend particles in the liquid, avoiding agglomeration; The dry process system utilizes airflow shear force to disperse the powder. Its design goal is to achieve the monomer and uniformity of particles, ensuring measurement representativeness.
3. Measurement area and Fourier lens
When the laser passes through a dispersed particle group, diffraction occurs, forming specific scattered light spots. The Fourier lens is responsible for focusing scattered light from different angles onto the detector, achieving precise "angle position" mapping. The optical design determines the measurement range and resolution of the instrument.
4. Multi detector array
A circular or arc-shaped photodetector array located on the focal plane that receives light signals from different scattering angles. The inner ring captures the forward small angle scattered light of large particles, while the outer ring captures the large angle scattered information of small particles. High density detection units can improve data acquisition accuracy and enhance the ability to distinguish complex distributions.
5. Inverse Algorithm and Software System
The original light intensity signal needs to be mathematically inverted using Mie theory or Fraunhofer theory to convert it into particle size distribution. Modern software not only provides multiple model options, but also automatically optimizes parameters such as refractive index and absorption coefficient, and generates intuitive distribution maps and statistical results.