1. Replacing residues that cause peptide instability or introducing residues that increase peptide stability through genetic engineering can improve peptide stability.

2. There are many chemical modification methods for peptides, and the most studied one isPEGmodification.PEGIt is a water-soluble polymer compound that is biodegradable and non-toxic in vivo.PEGAfter binding with peptides, it can improve thermal stability, resist protease degradation, reduce antigenicity, and prolong the half-life in vivo. Choosing appropriate modification methods and controlling the degree of modification can improve physical fitness or enhance the original biological activity.

3. By adding additives such as sugars, polyols, gelatin, amino acids, and certain salts, the stability of peptides can be improved. Sugar and polyols force more water molecules to surround proteins at low concentrations, thereby improving the stability of peptides. During the freeze-drying process, the above-mentioned substances can also replace water and form hydrogen bonds with peptides to stabilize their natural conformation, and can also increase the glass transition temperature of freeze-dried products. In addition, surfactants such asSDSTheTweenThePluronic,Can prevent peptide surface adsorption, aggregation, and precipitation.

4. A series of chemical reactions that occur in peptides, such as deamidationβ -Elimination, hydrolysis, and other processes require the participation of water, which can also serve as the mobile phase for other reactants. In addition, a decrease in water content can increase the denaturation temperature of peptides. Therefore, freeze-drying can improve the stability of peptides.

Provide peptide protectant screening, peptide freeze-drying process exploration, peptide freeze-drying process optimization, peptide freeze-drying scale-up production process, etc.