A testing machine, broadly speaking, is an instrument that verifies the quality or performance of a product or material according to design requirements before it is put into use. From the definition, it can be seen that any instrument used to verify quality or performance can be called a testing machine,

But sometimes it is also called a detector, measuring instrument, tensile machine, testing equipment, tester, and so on. In the textile industry, it is commonly referred to as a strength testing machine, which is actually a tensile testing machine. The testing machine is mainly used to measure the physical properties of materials or products, such as the yield strength and tensile strength of steel, the determination of static hydraulic time of pipes, and the fatigue life of doors and windows. The instrument used to measure the chemical properties of materials, also known as chemical composition, is generally called an analyzer, not a testing machine.

The concept and purpose of a testing machine: A testing machine is a precision testing instrument that measures the mechanical properties, process performance, internal defects, and dynamic unbalance of rotating components of metal materials, non-metal materials, mechanical parts, engineering structures, etc. under various conditions and environments. In the process of researching and exploring new materials, processes, technologies, and structures, the testing machine is an indispensable and important testing instrument. Widely used in industrial sectors such as machinery, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, building materials, construction, aerospace, shipbuilding, transportation, as well as relevant laboratories in colleges and research institutes. It plays an important role in effectively using materials, improving processes, enhancing product quality, reducing costs, and ensuring product safety and reliability.

The testing machine industry mainly produces and manufactures the following eight types of products:

1. Metal material testing machine;

2. Non metallic material testing machine;

3. Force and deformation testing instruments (force sensors, force gauges, displacement sensors, extensometers, accelerometers, etc.);

4. Packaging and process performance testing machine (including packaging drop testing machine, packaging impact testing machine, friction and wear testing machine, bending testing machine, straightening machine, etc.);

5. Balancing machine (including on-site balancing instrument);

6. Vibration table (including impact table and collision test table);

7. Non destructive testing instruments (magnetic particle flaw detector, X-ray flaw detector, gamma ray flaw detector, ultrasonic flaw detector, eddy current flaw detector, acoustic emission detector, etc.);

8. Functional accessories of the testing machine and testing instruments and equipment related to the testing machine.

Basic knowledge of testing machine

1、 What is a testing machine

The testing machine we usually see should actually be called a material testing machine, which is an instrument used to test the mechanical and physical properties of various material components.

2、 Classification of Material Testing Machines

There are many classification methods for material testing machines, including:

a) According to the type of output source, there are mainly several types including electric motor, hydraulic, pneumatic, electromagnetic, etc;

b) According to the type of indication at the end of the measurement, there are mainly digital display and pointer;

c) The relationship between the load on the specimen and time mainly includes static mechanical testing and fatigue testing.

d) According to the control method, there are mainly open-loop control (manual control) and closed-loop control (automatic control). For closed-loop control types, there are speed control, load control, deformation control, and position control.

e) According to their purposes, there are mainly general-purpose machines (universal machines) and specialized machines. There are many types of specialized machines, such as cement presses, red brick presses, line bending fatigue machines, soft bending machines, electric porcelain bending and twisting machines, horizontal pulling machines, etc., far balancing machines, far three-axis machines, vibration tables, etc.

f) Test methods and testing machines

Generally speaking, there are only two types of testing machines: the direction of motion (or the direction of force), one is tension, and the other is compression. We usually see tension, compression, bending, shearing, peeling, tearing, piercing, wear, and so on, which are related to the specimen.

3、 Detection and Control

Detection and control are two different concepts, but they are inseparable. Generally speaking, for a specific system, under a specific experimental condition, it only controls a specific parameter, such as our company's electric pull, which only controls the movement speed of the test bench,

Generally speaking, there is more than one detection quantity, such as load, displacement, deformation and other detection links in electric pulling.

4、 Open loop control and closed-loop control

open-loop control

closed-loop control

5、 Detection grading and control grading

Detection grading: It can improve the sensitivity of measurement and solve the problem of weighing small objects in large management stations.

Control grading: used to solve the problem of precise "positioning" and also to solve the problem of measurement accuracy.

6、 The relationship between range amplification and range grading

These are two different concepts, yet interrelated.

Scaling amplification refers to a local parameter of the sensor amplifier, while range scaling refers to a relative characteristic parameter of the testing machine.

For users, the latter has practical meaning, while the former does not require user attention.

7、 D/A and A/D converters

D/A - The quantity of digital conversion

A/D - Analog quantity Black heart Digital quantity

For example, for a cup of soybeans, you can count how many beans it contains, but the quantity is always 1, 2, 3, 4,... n.

Analog quantity: For example, the number of noodles in a cup cannot be counted, which means you cannot separate them one by one. Its quantity is continuous.

The concept of "code" includes original code, reverse code, complement code, and ASCII Gray code.

The concept of "number system" includes decimal, binary, hexadecimal, BCD code.

Sensor: a device that converts various measurements into electrical signals.

1. Common sensors: load sensors, deformation gauges, displacement sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors (thermocouples, thermistors, semiconductor temperature sensors), differential pressure sensors, flux sensors, etc.

2. Piezoelectric crystal load sensors, gratings, magnetic gratings, photoelectric encoders (incremental, absolute), etc.

The front run is an analog sensor, and the rear run is a digital sensor.

Divided by measuring materials: metal testing machines, non-metal testing machines.

Divided by function: tensile testing machine, universal testing machine, impact testing machine, etc.

Stress testing is a fundamental quality assurance activity that is a part of every important software testing job. The basic idea of stress testing is simple: it is not to run manual or automatic tests under normal conditions, but to run tests under conditions where there are few computers or system resources are scarce. The resources typically required for stress testing include internal memory, CPU availability, disk space, and network bandwidth. To reduce the resources used for testing, you can run a tool called a stressor.