Topic Content and Scope of Application
This standard specifies the basic requirements for the storage of commonly used hazardous chemicals (hereinafter referred to as hazardous chemicals).
This standard is applicable to the entry, storage, and maintenance of commonly used hazardous chemicals (hereinafter referred to as hazardous chemicals).
2. Reference standards
GB 190 Dangerous Goods Packaging Markings
GB 13690 Classification and Marking of Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals
GB J16 Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings
3 Definitions
3.1 Segregated storage refers to the storage method where different materials are separated by a certain distance in the same room or area, and non taboo materials are stored in channels to maintain space.
3.2 Cut off storage refers to the storage method of separating prohibited materials in the same building or area using partitions or walls.
3.3 Separated storage refers to the storage method in different buildings or external areas far from all buildings.
3.4 Prohibited materials include chemicals with incompatible chemical properties or different fire extinguishing methods.
4 Basic requirements for storage of hazardous chemicals
4.1 Storage of hazardous chemicals must comply with national laws, regulations, and other relevant provisions.
4.2 Chemical hazardous materials must be stored in specialized chemical hazardous material warehouses approved by the public security department. The distribution department must obtain approval from the public security department for the storage and quantity of chemical hazardous materials in its own warehouse. Without approval, it is not allowed to set up chemical hazardous material storage warehouses at will.
4.3 Outdoor storage of hazardous chemicals shall comply with safety requirements for fire and explosion prevention. Explosive materials, Class I flammable materials, wet burning materials, and highly toxic materials shall not be stored outdoors.
4.4 Warehouses storing hazardous chemicals must be equipped with technical personnel with professional knowledge, and their warehouses and locations should be managed by dedicated personnel. The management personnel must be equipped with reliable personal safety protective equipment.
4.5 Hazardous chemicals are classified into eight categories according to the provisions of GB 13690:
a. Explosives; Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on July 26, 1995 for implementation on February 1, 1996
b. Compressed gas and liquefied gas;
c. Flammable liquids;
d. Flammable solids, self igniting materials, and flammable materials when exposed to moisture;
e. Oxidants and organic peroxides;
f. Toxic substances;
g. Radioactive materials;
h. Corrosive products.
4.6 Signs
The stored hazardous chemicals should have clear markings that comply with the provisions of GB 190. When storing two or more different levels of dangerous goods in the same area, the performance mark of the highest level of dangerous goods should be followed.
4.7 Storage Methods There are three types of storage methods for hazardous chemicals:
a. Isolation storage;
b. Separate storage;
c. Separate storage.
4.8 According to the performance zoning, classification, and storage of hazardous materials. All types of dangerous goods shall not be stored together with prohibited materials. The configuration of prohibited materials can be found in Appendix A (reference).
Smoking and the use of open flames are strictly prohibited in buildings and areas where hazardous chemicals are stored.
Requirements for Storage Sites
5.1 Buildings storing hazardous chemicals shall not have basements or other underground structures, and their fire resistance rating, number of floors, floor area, safe evacuation, and fire separation distance shall comply with relevant national regulations.
5.2 The setting of storage locations and building structures should not only comply with relevant national regulations, but also consider the impact on the surrounding environment and residents.
5.3 Electrical Installation of Storage Sites
5.3.1 Fire protection electrical equipment in chemical hazardous material storage buildings and places should be able to fully meet the needs of fire protection electricity; And comply with the relevant provisions of Chapter 10, Section 1 of GBJ16.
5.3.2 Chemical hazardous material storage areas or buildings must comply with safety requirements for transmission and distribution lines, lighting fixtures, fire accident lighting, and evacuation signs.
Buildings storing flammable and explosive hazardous chemicals must be equipped with lightning protection devices.
5.4 Ventilation or temperature regulation of storage areas
5.4.1 Buildings storing hazardous chemicals must be equipped with ventilation equipment and protective measures must be taken for the equipment.
5.4.2 The ventilation system of buildings storing hazardous chemicals should be equipped with grounding devices to eliminate static electricity.
5.4.3 Ventilation ducts should be made of non combustible materials.
5.4.4 Ventilation ducts should not pass through fire-resistant partitions such as firewalls. If they must pass through, non combustible materials should be used for separation.
5.4.5 The temperature of the heating medium for storing hazardous chemicals in buildings should not be too high, and hot water heating should not exceed 80 ℃. Steam heating and mechanical heating should not be used.
5.4.6 The insulation materials for heating pipes and equipment must be non combustible materials.
6 Storage arrangement and storage capacity limit
6.1 The storage arrangement of hazardous chemicals depends on the classification, sub items, container types, storage methods, and fire safety requirements of the hazardous chemicals.
6.2 Storage capacity and storage arrangement are shown in Table 1.
6.3 Hazardous chemicals that can cause combustion, explosion, or chemical reactions when exposed to fire, heat, or moisture, and produce toxic gases, shall not be stored outdoors or in damp or waterlogged buildings.
6.4 Chemical hazardous materials that can undergo chemical reactions under sunlight, causing combustion, explosion, decomposition, chemical reactions, or the production of toxic gases, should be stored in first-class buildings. The packaging should be protected from light.
Explosive materials are not allowed to be stored together with other types of items and must be stored separately. Warehouses are not allowed to be built in urban areas and should maintain a certain safe distance from surrounding buildings, traffic arteries, and power transmission lines.
6.6 Compressed gases and liquefied gases must be stored separately from explosive materials, oxidants, flammable materials, self igniting materials, and corrosive materials.
Flammable liquids, wet flammable materials, and flammable solids should not be stored together with oxidants. Reductive oxidants should be stored separately.
Toxic substances should be stored in a cool, ventilated, and dry place, and should not be stored outdoors or in close proximity to acidic substances.
6.9 Corrosive items must be tightly packaged and not allowed to leak. It is strictly prohibited to coexist with liquefied gases and other items.
7 Maintenance of hazardous chemicals
7.1 When storing hazardous chemicals, strict inspection should be carried out on the quality, quantity, packaging, and leakage of the goods.
7.2 Appropriate maintenance measures should be taken after the storage of hazardous chemicals. During the storage period, regular inspections should be conducted to promptly address any changes in quality, packaging damage, leakage, stabilizer shortage, etc.
7.3 The temperature and humidity in the warehouse should be strictly controlled and regularly inspected, and any changes should be adjusted in a timely manner.
8. Management of hazardous chemicals in and out of the warehouse
8.1 Warehouses storing hazardous chemicals must establish strict inbound and outbound management systems. Before the entry and exit of hazardous chemicals, they should be inspected, registered, and accepted according to the contract. The acceptance contents include:
a. Quantity;
b. Packaging;
c. Danger signs. Only after verification can the items be stored or released, and they cannot be stored until the nature of the item is clarified.
Personnel, motor vehicles, and work vehicles entering hazardous chemical storage areas must take fire prevention measures.
8.4 When loading, unloading, and transporting hazardous chemicals, relevant regulations should be followed to ensure light loading and unloading. It is strictly prohibited to drop, touch, collide, strike, drag, tilt, or roll.
8.5 When loading and unloading items that are toxic and corrosive to personnel, operators should wear corresponding protective equipment according to the danger.
8.6 It is not allowed to transport materials that are mutually prohibited in the same vehicle.
When repairing, replacing, cleaning, loading and unloading flammable and explosive materials, non sparking copper, alloy or other tools should be used.
9 Fire protection measures
9.1 According to the characteristics of hazardous materials and warehouse conditions, corresponding fire-fighting equipment must be configured. And equipped with trained part-time and full-time firefighters.
9.2 Automatic monitoring and fire alarm systems should be installed in buildings storing hazardous chemicals according to warehouse conditions.
9.3 In buildings storing hazardous chemicals, if conditions permit, a fire sprinkler system should be installed (except for fires that cannot be extinguished by water and burn hazardous chemicals). The sprinkler intensity and water supply time are as follows: sprinkler intensity 15 L/(min · m2); Duration of 90 minutes.
10 Waste disposal
10.1 It is prohibited to pile up flammable waste materials in the storage area of hazardous chemicals.
10.2 Packaging containers that leak or leak hazardous materials should be quickly moved to a safe area.
10.3 According to the characteristics of hazardous chemicals, waste materials shall be disposed of using chemical or physical methods, and shall not be arbitrarily discarded or pollute the environment.
11 Training for homework personnel
11.1 Warehouse staff should receive training and obtain certification before taking up their positions.
11.2 Provide necessary education to personnel handling hazardous chemicals to ensure they operate in accordance with relevant regulations.
11.3 In addition to general fire safety knowledge, warehouse firefighters should also receive specialized training on working in hazardous materials warehouses to familiarize themselves with the types, characteristics, storage locations, accident handling procedures, and methods of chemical hazardous materials stored in various areas.