Light source emission and slit selection: Firstly, the light source emits continuous white light or monochromatic light of a specific wavelength as the light source to be analyzed. The light passes through the entrance slit of the spectrometer, which ensures that only light in a specific direction can enter the interior of the spectrometer, effectively limiting the divergence range of the light.

Dispersion separation: Light enters dispersive elements (such as gratings, prisms, etc.), which utilize the dispersion properties of light to decompose it into a series of spectral lines of different wavelengths according to wavelength, and disperse them spatially in wavelength order. For example, the LiSpec-NIR4000Pro high-resolution infrared spectrometer utilizes the principle of grating spectroscopy to decompose input optical signals into spectra of different wavelengths through precise optical components.

Detection conversion: The dispersed light falls on the detector, which is usually composed of photoelectric conversion elements such as photosensitive charge coupled devices (CCD) or photodiodes, and can convert the received light signal into an electrical signal.

Signal processing: The converted electrical signal undergoes signal processing such as amplification and filtering to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy of the signal.

Spectral display and analysis: Ultimately, the processed electrical signals are converted into spectral images or data, which clearly display the intensity distribution of different wavelengths of light, thereby achieving detailed analysis and measurement of the spectrum. Users can view detailed spectral parameters such as peak wavelength, center wavelength, spectral relative intensity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), etc. on the display screen or connected computer. The measurement results can be saved locally or exported to a computer for easy analysis and processing in the future.