The development of a task book for the process design of modern biological laboratories, including: establishing the area and functional requirements for each department and laboratory in the laboratory building; Develop the architectural and decoration requirements, door and window requirements, environmental control, electrical (lighting, communication, and network), gas pipeline, water supply and drainage, air conditioning, fire control, structural and other process design requirements for each room in the biological laboratory; Develop a list of fixed experimental equipment required for each biological laboratory.

Process plan, main elevation and main section; Complete the compilation of manufacturer information and engineering design data for fixed equipment in the biological laboratory.

Specifically, the requirements for the architectural process design of modern biological laboratories are——

1. In terms of the base environment

Based on a thorough analysis of the current situation of the base, the design concept of using buildings as environmental backgrounds is adopted to incorporate individual buildings into the environment.

2. In terms of architecture

Mainly including: architectural design of biological laboratory, requirements for interior decoration materials, etc.

The Laboratory Basic Working Area Scale (ELM) is a planning of the required working area scale to ensure the safe operation of biomedical research. The ELM of the laboratory generally includes length requirements for the operating table, experimental equipment (including storage cabinets), workbench, chemical smoke hood, and biosafety cabinet.

The current trend in laboratory design has begun to develop towards the spatial scale of planning areas, not just limited to the length of planning areas. This trend originated from the adoption of modular laboratory forms.

The building area, including the circulation area, core area, walls, and public areas, is inevitably larger than the usable area of specific functional areas as a whole. According to the conversion method between AIA usage area and building area, the basic conversion factor for laboratory (including internal circulation and functional allocation areas) area is between 1.7 and 2.2. The converted total area of the project needs to be adjusted accordingly during actual planning.

The materials used in laboratory construction should be durable and easy to clean, and should help create a comfortable and safe working environment. The key factors in material design are easy to clean, maintain, store, and minimize the spread of toxicity. When selecting materials for wall and floor treatment, consideration must also be given to ensuring the safety of laboratory personnel.

3. In terms of structure

Including: biological laboratory structural design, structural load requirements, etc. Due to the interference of vibration with sensitive instruments in the laboratory, designers must consider appropriate control of vibration and place the vibration source in an area far away from sensitive instruments. Detailed analysis of the vibration response of the building structure is necessary. In order to control the transmission of vibration in the laboratory area, engineers need to consider some structural factors in the early design stage.

The size setting of laboratory compartments must take into account laboratory modules, functional allocation, vibration standards, and future development. The width should vary accordingly according to the size of laboratory modules, ensuring flexibility while complying with conventional door and window designs, and forming a unified laboratory auxiliary connection as a whole.

Columns should not be installed within the laboratory module to avoid obstructing the internal circulation and space utilization of the laboratory. The structural system and air conditioning system should be closely coordinated to prevent mutual interference.

4. HVAC aspect

Including: requirements for HVAC design in biological laboratories, air filtration and exhaust systems, and exhaust systems for biosafety cabinets. The HVAC system must meet the laboratory research requirements. In addition to strict control of temperature and humidity, sufficient ventilation is also required to handle smoke, odors, and pollutants in the air, and to meet the requirements of hood ventilation and laboratory heat load. At the same time, it is necessary to fully consider the reliability and abundance of the system. Different regions with different properties need to ensure different relative pressures, and energy-saving issues should be considered in the long run according to relevant standards.

The maximum value of NC for the operation hood in the middle of the laboratory should not exceed 50dB, unless allowed by the equipment itself. Generally, NC should not exceed 60dB. HVAC, water, electricity, and lighting equipment should be selected based on the principle of effective energy utilization, and should be easy to control and manage. The minimum insulation thickness for anti condensation should meet energy-saving standards and refer to relevant recommended values in China. Building enclosure materials must ensure the health and safety of residents, and it is recommended to use environmentally friendly and energy-saving materials. All energy consuming systems and components must be fully controlled and managed, and whether heat recovery is adopted should be compared and evaluated accordingly.

Through economic analysis of laboratory equipment maintenance costs, different HVAC systems are selected. Economic analysis should have sufficient data for comprehensive calculations of economic and energy efficiency ratios. Economic analysis mainly includes analysis and comparison of initial investment, energy consumption, operating costs, system reliability, adaptability, and other aspects of the project. The selection of each system should meet the requirements of flexible, reliable, easy to maintain operation, and reserve margin. The total investment of the project should include maintenance costs.

5. Water supply and drainage

Including: design of water supply and drainage system for the laboratory building, equipment requirements.

The water supply and drainage system should be compatible with the laboratory module and designed flexibly, with some facilities reserved to ensure the reliable and continuous operation of the laboratory. It is also necessary to avoid wall penetrations in the laboratory area as much as possible.

In terms of sewage and wastewater systems, a separate drainage network should be established for domestic sewage and production wastewater. After the domestic sewage treatment reaches the standard of reclaimed water reuse, it will be used for backup and then reused for greening and water landscape replenishment. The combination of local treatment and centralized treatment is adopted for scientific research and production wastewater. For wastewater contaminated with toxic bacteria and radioactive wastewater, deactivation and attenuation treatment devices should be installed nearby, strictly controlled, and discharged after qualified treatment. Ground rainwater is collected in an organized manner through rainwater pipes, filtered through pebble layers in flow channels, and stored for reuse. The remaining water and floodwaters are discharged into nearby open channels.

6. In terms of strong and weak electricity

Including: requirements for power system design, room distribution system design, lighting design, intelligent system design, security system design, communication system design, etc. in the biological laboratory.

7. Fire Protection

Mainly refers to the design requirements for fire protection systems in biological laboratories.

The special requirements for fire prevention in laboratory buildings should be considered in accordance with local regulations for the setting of laboratory areas. Fire resistant materials that meet the fire rating should be used according to the laboratory building fire prevention regulations, and fire-fighting facilities such as fire dampers, automatic sprinkler systems, fire signal systems, duct smoke detection systems, indoor fire hydrants, and fire pumps should be installed. Requirements for furniture and equipment used in biological laboratories, including sanitary ware, workbenches, chemical smoke hoods, biosafety cabinets, and experimental equipment requirements.

8. Safety aspects of biological laboratories

Mainly including: requirements for conventional safety and radiation safety process design.

The guiding principle for safety and health requires buildings to effectively control the safety protection of workers during construction, thereby reducing potential occupational hazards during work. that

The guidelines must also be adapted to the specific content of the architectural design documents submitted by engineers, so that safety protection can be reflected during construction. Although many aspects of health and safety policies and engineering technology requirements can be unified, it is still impossible to cover all factors. Therefore, it is recommended to involve health and safety experts in the architectural design team.

All laboratories must ensure the safe and reliable storage of radioactive materials. The capacity and type of radioactive material depend on the type and quantity of laboratory research functions. Therefore, designers need to determine the necessary areas for the use and handling of radioactive materials based on the functional requirements of the laboratory.

All laboratories must have corresponding ordinary level waste radioactive material storage containers. The storage location of each laboratory waste must be standardized to facilitate emergency protection personnel to take quick measures in case of fire or accident.

9. In terms of environmental protection

Mainly including requirements for sewage treatment, noise protection, radiation protection, biological safety protection, etc.

Attention to environmental protection and proper disposal of waste is of great significance for ensuring the health of laboratory staff, visiting scholars, and the operation and maintenance of surrounding facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the hazardous building materials, hazardous waste storage and treatment, decentralized storage facilities, waste liquid discharge, management and recycling of solid waste, gas emission, etc. in the laboratory.

10. Planning of BSL3 biological laboratory and animal laboratory/equipment planning

Mainly responsible for completing the design of BSL3 biological laboratory, animal laboratory layout plan, elevation and section drawings; Complete the engineering design requirements and instructions for the P3 biological laboratory and animal laboratory.

Biosafety level three laboratories must be equipped with purification equipment (recommended: high-pressure sterilizers). The high-pressure sterilizer area should meet the corresponding requirements. The vacuum system of the biosafety level three laboratory must be equipped with protective filters. When the airflow in the biosafety level three laboratory does not match the design, there should be visual and auditory alarms, and efficient filters should be installed based on the actual situation, considering personnel safety and material selection. Steam is carried in the exhaust, and corresponding filters (0.2 micron water filter or equivalent) must be installed. The installation of high-efficiency filters must meet the corresponding special testing requirements.