1. Introduction
China is a major consumer of automobiles. According to relevant departments2017year6At the end of the month, the number of cars owned in China exceeded2.05Billions of vehicles. The important pathway for oil consumption is traditional automotive fuel, and the continuous growth of car ownership has led to a rapid increase in domestic resources, such as oil consumption. According to data from the China Petroleum Enterprise Association,2016Annual basic crude oil consumption in China is approximately5.778Billion tons, increasing external dependence to65.4%There are hidden dangers in energy security. At the same time, in recent years, China's environmental pollution problem has become increasingly serious, and the huge exhaust emissions of traditional fuel vehicles have also exacerbated our environmental pollution problem. Energy pressure and environmental pollution are particularly severe for China, which is currently developing rapidly. New energy vehicles can optimize the energy consumption structure and alleviate pollution pressure, which is one of the important strategic development directions in China.
Compared to traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles have advantages such as environmental protection, low noise, and high cost-effectiveness. Given the serious urban environmental pollution and high environmental pressure in China, promoting new energy vehicles is the main way to solve urban pollution problems and has become an important condition for the transformation and upgrading of the domestic industrial structure.
Currently, with policy support, its development is very rapid,2010The annual production of new energy vehicles in China is only7000Multiple vehicles have arrived2016The annual production has skyrocketed to51.7Ten thousand vehicles, with a considerable growth rate. future5It is expected that new energy vehicles will continue to maintain a high-speed growth trend, with an average annual growth rate of40%about. The new energy vehicle industry has reached a stage of rapidly occupying the market. This article will summarize the current development status of new energy vehicles, analyze the advantages and obstacles of developing new energy vehicles in China, and provide suggestions and opinions for the future development of new energy vehicles based on the analysis.
2、 The Development Status of New Energy Vehicles
(one)The domestic production of new energy vehicles has exploded
as early as2007In the context of increasingly depleted resources and deteriorating environment, China has developed a conceptual model for new energy vehicles. Insufficient initial ownership1According to statistics from the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, the number of vehicles has reached 10000,2016In the year, domestic sales of new energy vehicles broke through5010000 units, maintain50%The above growth rate is clearly stated in the 13th Five Year Plan:“Implement the promotion plan for new energy vehicles and improve the industrialization level of electric vehicles”As of now2020The annual output will reach200Ten thousand vehicles, cumulative production exceeding500Ten thousand vehicles.
More and more companies are starting to lay out their operations. At present, China's new energy vehicle enterprises include BAIC New Energy Company, Jianghuai Automobile, SAIC Roewe Automobile, Dongfeng Nissan Qichen, BYD Co., Ltd., etc. Faced with such a vast market for new energy vehicles, various enterprises actively layout themselves, invest a large amount of funds and technical personnel in research and development, opening up a new path for the development of China's automotive industry, and providing stable guarantees for their own advantages in future automotive market competition. And major enterprises are competing to develop this new industry, which is also enhancing the vitality of market development in competition, stimulating the vigorous development of their industry. Although its * is relatively low at present, as an emerging industry that the country encourages, guides and supports, its future development is full of huge potential.
(two)Policy encouragement for new energy vehicles
Its development model is“government+market”The government is committed to technological breakthroughs and policy initiatives, striving to increase production to reach consumers. since2007At the beginning, the country expected to invest hundreds of billions of yuan to develop new energy vehicles. Subsequently, a series of development systems were established and improved one by one, such as development planning, financial subsidies, research and development investment, etc. At present, its sales growth is mainly driven by government subsidies. Subsidies for car purchases in the public service sector can significantly reduce consumers' expenses when purchasing cars and encourage them to choose new energy vehicles instead of traditional fuel vehicles. At present, the government has established a subsidy system for the development of new energy vehicles, effectively promoting the progress and development of the industry. Under the promotion of subsidies and supporting policies by the Chinese government, new energy vehicles have2016At the end of the year, its ownership exceeded100Ten thousand vehicles, becoming a country with a large number of new energy vehicles. At the same time, there are also many loopholes in the subsidy policy. Many companies blindly produce a large number of new energy vehicles in order to seek huge profits, resulting in oversupply, surplus products, and accumulation.2015At the end of the year, the subsidy amount significantly increased the sales of China Pakistan buses compared to other models that were too high.2016In the year, the government and its related departments carried out large-scale activities“Fraudulent compensation”Review, found that some companies exist“Fraudulent compensation”and“Seeking compensation”Behavior.2016At the end of the year, the four ministries and commissions changed the subsidy form for new energy vehicles, increased the technical threshold, reduced the subsidy amount, and set up a gradual decline mechanism. China's new energy vehicle enterprises rely too much on subsidy policies, but subsidies are not a long-term solution, only a delaying tactic. Therefore, encouraging the development of the new energy vehicle industry should rely on various policy tools.
(three)The rapid progress of new energy vehicle technology
At present, China has achieved tremendous results in its technological field. Many technological developments in China have been very rapid, such as in the field of power battery technology. The specific energy of power batteries produced in China has been increasing year by year, nearly doubling in the past five years, and production costs have continued to decline; Rapid development has also been made in the integration technology of power systems, with the range of new energy vehicles continuously improving, and the average range of passenger cars increasing from150The mileage has increased to the present level300Kilometers, overall technological level * world; Some key components have reached a level equivalent. The technological breakthroughs and development of new energy vehicles will be closely integrated with economic reform, artificial intelligence, smart grids, modern transportation, and market economy reform and development in the future. China is in a position in these areas. If new energy vehicles can develop healthily and sustainably, they will promote and progress with innovation in other fields.
(four)Obstacles to the progress of new energy vehicles still exist
At present, although its development is relatively rapid, there are still many contradictions that hinder its popularization.
One issue is that the charging infrastructure is still incomplete. as of2016At the end of the year, the number of public charging stations constructed and operated in China was about16Ten thousand, compared to the number of new energy vehicles, it is still relatively small and difficult to provide good services. At present, although China is actively implementing and improving charging infrastructure, some problems are still prominent. For example, in second - and third tier cities, the charging infrastructure is still very strong and cannot effectively cope with the increase in new energy vehicle production.
Secondly, the battery life level still cannot satisfy consumers. At present, the range of new energy vehicles in China is only300About kilometers, compared to traditional fuel vehicles, it has obvious disadvantages and is difficult to implement long-distance driving. The fundamental issue with battery life is the advancement of lithium battery technology, which is still difficult to achieve with the advancement of power battery technology.
Thirdly, the supporting policies are not perfect. Local governments have not actively introduced corresponding supporting policies to stimulate consumers' consumption enthusiasm.
The fourth issue is the immature development of the market. As a new industry, its market share is relatively small, and its commercial direction is only being explored and not yet mature.
The fifth challenge is the difficulty of government regulation. It is difficult to unify the opinions of the masses, and the service platform is not perfect enough, making it difficult for the government to supervise and manage.
3、 The development trend of new energy vehicles
(one)The region continues to expand
With its continuous popularization, various provinces in China are also competing to layout it. The pilot promotion areas are announced in batches, including Beijing, Tianjin, etc28A new list of cities or regions is about to be released, and the enthusiasm for applications is high in various places. According to statistics, there are currently a total of63A city or region submits an application. With the promotion and practical application of new energy vehicles in cities or regions, the overall trend of progress in the industry is thriving. From this, it can be seen that with the continuous expansion of the new energy vehicle industry region, its development trend is unstoppable. Against the backdrop of such a vast market, the importance of its industry is quite high in various regions.
(two)Continuous improvement of supporting facilities
The continuous improvement of supporting facilities has promoted a huge increase in the production and sales of new energy vehicles. to2016At the end of the year, China completed the construction of nearly all charging stations30Ten thousand units, a total of completed construction of charging and swapping stations5500Seat, an increase of approximately compared to the previous year50%There has been a significant improvement in both the quantity and quality of charging infrastructure. The important basic supporting facilities for new energy vehicles are charging piles and charging and swapping stations. According to the government's plan, China's recent development direction is to complete the construction480Ten thousand charging stations and1.2Ten thousand charging and swapping stations. Faced with the leapfrog construction of supporting facilities, the production and sales of new energy vehicles are bound to grow rapidly.
(three)The number of industry entrants continues to increase
As for the current market pattern of new energy vehicles in China, the majority of the new energy vehicle market is still dominated by large enterprises, ahead of new energy passenger vehicles10High concentration, reaching91%The top three sellers are BYD, BAIC, and SAIC. According to data, there are currently over 200 newly established new energy vehicle companies in China with considerable production capacity, reaching tens of millions of vehicles, and an investment amount of up to 300 billion yuan. In addition to the companies that are about to be established, there are many other companies that are laying out the new energy vehicle industry chain, and it can be expected that the number of enterprises in this field will continue to increase in the future. The investment in the entire industry will also remain high, with a total investment amount of * one enterprise alone reaching150The billion yuan indicates the explosive level of the new energy vehicle industry.
(four)The relevant policies are becoming increasingly perfect
After the rapid development of new energy vehicles, many corresponding policies have also begun to be improved and adjusted. For example, at the local level, the subsidy amount for new energy vehicles cannot exceed the central government's subsidy amount50%From a broad perspective, the standard amount of central subsidy policy is2017Year by year comparison2016The annual decline20%However, the upper limit of local subsidy amount has been raised. Overall, the corresponding policies are becoming more and more perfect, with a small reduction in subsidy amounts, reducing consumers' dependence on subsidies, and reducing some“Fraudulent compensation”“Seeking compensation”We have refined the form of subsidies and made them more reasonable, concise, and humane.
In the context of the new era of industrialization, competition and cooperation are the main themes, so the competition and cooperation policies between them also promote the development of new energy vehicles. In the competition of business models, in order to occupy a larger share, countries strengthen cooperation with each other, leverage their respective advantages, promote technology industry transfer, progress, and research and development.
(five)Development situation of developed countries
Throughout, developed countries led by the United States, Europe, and Japan are also competing to develop and research this hot industry. Each country has rapidly developed with its own economic foundation and market conditions, forming industrialization and promoting it to the world market. Developed countries, with advantages such as early development, strong foundations, and a large number of elite talents, have gradually matured their technologies and gained market acceptance.
The United States is a powerful country in terms of industry, technology, and economy today, as well as a major player in the automotive industry. up until2016In the year, the number of cars owned is approximately2.5One quarter of the total number of cars on the road is occupied by the United States, with an annual production and sales volume of over ten million vehicles. Against the backdrop of the booming development of the automotive industry, environmental issues and sustainable use of resources have become the main contradictions in development, which has led the US government to shift its focus to the new energy vehicle industry. The US government, technology industry, and automotive companies have made a common choice to develop a new energy vehicle industry dominated by electric vehicles. enter21In the 21st century, with the continuous rise of oil prices, small displacement energy-saving vehicles have attracted the attention of the government. In order to accelerate the research and application of fuel cell and hybrid electric technology, relevant departments in the United States have successively proposed and implemented“New Generation Automotive Partner Program”“Free Car Program”“High tech Automotive Incentive Program”Under the promotion of this plan, three technology projects in the field of electric vehicles have led to significant development of local new energy vehicle enterprises.1990Since the beginning of the year, the cost of research and development for new energy vehicles provided by the US government has exceeded200Billions of dollars, temporary residence, favorable driving force for the development of new energy vehicles in the United States. The US government not only focuses on research and development, but also invests heavily in charging infrastructure,20century90Since the 1960s, billions of dollars have been invested in basic charging infrastructure.2016In the year, charging infrastructure outlets have spread throughout most of the United States.
4、 Conclusion and Suggestions
Given the basic national conditions of our country, the development of new energy vehicles is particularly important. To achieve China's sustainable development strategy, new energy vehicles are one of the projects. On the one hand, the development of new energy vehicles can reduce China's dependence on oil, alleviate China's energy security issues, and on the other hand, it can also alleviate China's environmental pollution. At the same time, it can promote the upgrading of China's automobile industry structure and facilitate the transformation of China from a major automobile country to a strong automobile country.
This article mainly analyzes and summarizes the current development status and future trends of new energy vehicles in China and other developed countries. The conclusion is as follows: Under the stimulation of increased government policy support, rapid technological breakthroughs, and broad market prospects, the production of new energy vehicles has exploded. However, there are still many obstacles and defects in its development, such as slow breakthroughs in lithium battery technology, improper solutions to battery life issues, insufficient government publicity, insufficient consumer understanding, and loopholes in subsidy policies.
Based on the advantages and shortcomings of other developed countries in developing their industries, and combined with the actual situation in China, the author proposes the following suggestions: we should increase the attention to their industries, not only focusing on research and development, but also on implementation and foundation; Improve based on the existing problems in the country, perfect policies with loopholes, and reduce“Fraudulent compensation”“Seeking compensation”The occurrence of phenomena; Intensify publicity efforts to deepen consumers' understanding of new energy vehicles and their benefits; Cultivate more elite talents in related fields to achieve technological breakthroughs.