A 96 well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader is a device used to simultaneously read signals from each well in a 96 well microplate. It is widely used in biomedical research, clinical trials, drug screening, environmental monitoring and other fields, especially playing a crucial role in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), protein analysis, cytology research and other experiments.
The 96 well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) provides multiple detection methods through different measurement modes (absorbance, fluorescence, luminescence, etc.), each with its specific application scenarios, advantages, and scope of application.
1、 Chemiluminescence (CL) mode
The chemiluminescence mode releases light signals through chemical reactions and is widely used in fields such as immunoassay and molecular biology research. Unlike traditional fluorescence and absorbance modes, chemiluminescence does not require an external excitation light source.
Principles and Applications:
The chemiluminescence mode generates a light signal through catalytic or biochemical reactions, and the intensity of these reactions is proportional to the concentration of the target substance.
Widely used, especially in the fields of immunology and molecular diagnostics.
Advantages:
Has high sensitivity, especially suitable for low concentration analysis.
Not affected by light sources, it can provide more accurate detection.
2、 Absorption mode (OD mode)
The absorbance mode determines the concentration or degree of reaction of a sample by measuring its light absorption at a specific wavelength.
Principles and Applications:
In absorbance measurement, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) emits light of a specific wavelength through a light source, which is then received by the detector after passing through the sample and the absorbance value is calculated.
This mode is suitable for experiments that require quantification of substance concentration, commonly used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), protein quantification, cell proliferation analysis, etc.
Advantages:
This mode has high sensitivity and is suitable for detecting low concentration substances.
For classic immunological experiments such as ELISA, absorbance mode can provide accurate quantitative results.
Easy to operate, widely used in scientific research and clinical practice.
3、 Fluorescence mode
Fluorescence mode is measured based on the principle of fluorescence emission. In this mode, the excitation light source excites fluorescent molecules in the sample, which then emit fluorescent signals of specific wavelengths. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantifies the concentration of the target substance by detecting the intensity of these signals.
Principles and Applications:
Fluorescence mode is suitable for analyzing labeled fluorescent probes or fluorescent dyes. The labeled molecule can emit light of a specific wavelength when exposed to specific excitation light.
Widely used in cell viability detection, gene expression analysis, protein interaction research, etc.
Advantages:
Compared to absorbance mode, fluorescence mode has higher sensitivity and can detect low concentrations of target substances.
Suitable for molecular probe labeling technology, it can provide richer experimental information, such as protein expression levels, intracellular ion concentrations, etc.
4、 Luminous mode
The luminescence mode is quantitatively analyzed by measuring the light emission caused by chemical reactions in the sample. This mode is commonly used for chemiluminescence reactions or bioluminescence reactions, such as common enzyme labeling reactions.
Principles and Applications:
The luminescence mode does not require an external light source, but relies on the luminescence reaction of the sample itself. A typical application is to use enzymes to react with substrates to release photons. In some biomarker reactions, the presence of target molecules can lead to luminescent reactions.
Applied in drug screening, cell activity detection, immunoassay, etc.
Advantages:
High sensitivity, capable of detecting low concentration samples.
Not affected by factors such as sample color and turbidity, with less background interference.
5、 Time resolved fluorescence (TRF) mode
Time resolved fluorescence mode is developed based on traditional fluorescence detection, which improves sensitivity and accuracy by delaying the detection signal time. TRF mode can reduce the interference of background fluorescence and provide clearer signals.
Principles and Applications:
In TRF mode, after exciting the fluorescent substance, the instrument will wait for a specific period of time, during which most of the background signal will decay, thereby increasing the ratio of signal to noise.
Suitable for higher sensitivity detection, such as protein labeling, DNA/RNA probe labeling, etc.
Advantages:
High sensitivity, especially suitable for detecting low background samples.
There is less background interference and the signal is clear.
The multiple measurement modes of the 96 well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) make it a versatile analytical tool, widely used in fields such as biology, chemistry, and medicine.