Pest is the human definition of certain insects that often have a negative impact on human life and production. They not only cause great harm to crops, but also are vectors of malaria, dengue fever and other diseases. Pest control not only improves the production efficiency of crops, but also effectively reduces the incidence rate of many infectious diseases. At present, pest control mainly relies on chemical insecticides, but the excessive and unreasonable use of insecticides not only pollutes the environment but also leads to widespread resistance among pests. With the rapid development and continuous improvement of molecular biology and genetic engineering technology, it has become possible to develop mosquito control measures that are both safe and environmentally friendly. The use of genetically modified technology to control pests has received much attention in recent years, including insect sterility technology, RNA interference technology, release technology of insects carrying dominant lethal genes, and genetic modification technology. By reducing the population size of mosquitoes in the wild or their ability to spread diseases, the goal of controlling mosquitoes and mosquito borne infectious diseases can be achieved. Insect Sterilization Technique (SIT), also known as Insect Sterilization Technique, is a technical method that applies physical, chemical, or biological genetic techniques to treat male pests, causing them to lose their ability to reproduce, in order to prevent and control pests. This technology requires the artificial cultivation and release of a large number of infertile insect individuals, which then enter the natural population of reproductive pests. Due to male infertility, the number of offspring decreases. After several generations of continuous treatment, the natural population of pests is controlled at extremely low density, or even completely annihilated or replaced. This method has achieved varying degrees of success in controlling mosquitoes, tsetse flies, tsetse flies, fruit flies, and some warehouse insects. In recent years, the application of insect sterility technology has achieved certain results, and it is a promising new method for pest control. RNA interference (RNAi) technology, as a tool for gene silencing, has been widely used in research on crop pest control. Accurately selecting target genes, introducing dsRNA or siRNA into insect bodies, and amplifying and spreading siRNA in insect bodies are the basis for the application of RNAi technology in crop pest control. The application of RNAi technology can effectively protect crops from pest damage and has significant prospects for genetic improvement in crop pest resistance. In 2017, an insecticide based on RNA interference technology was officially approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency, marking the emergence of a new insecticide creation technology that will undoubtedly have a huge impact on the future insecticide market. The release technology of insects carrying dominant lethal genes (RIDL) is one of the important means to improve the traditional insect sterility method (SIT). It mainly includes important components such as tetracycline regulatory system, specific promoter, sex specific splicing system, and specific lethal genes. Selecting appropriate specific lethal genes based on the characteristics of different insects is crucial for constructing genetic sterile lines. These lethal genes are either controlled by inhibitory regulatory systems, specifically expressed in females, or directly act on the X chromosome, leading to conditioned lethality in offspring at specific developmental stages or specific genders. This technology has been successfully tested in fruit flies and has been widely applied to other insects such as Mediterranean fruit flies, Aedes aegypti, Culex fatigans, and cotton bollworm. Genetic modification technology can create a vaccine called "gene driven" through genetic modification tools. The vaccine can continuously self inject into the DNA of mosquitoes, allowing the genetically modified male mosquito to be reintroduced into nature. After mating with the female mosquito, the human made genetic vaccine can be re implanted into the female mosquito's body, achieving the effect of using poison to fight against poison and causing the female mosquito to lose the ability to transmit viruses. This vaccine can spread to almost every mosquito within a few generations. In 2014, there was an outbreak of dengue fever in Guangdong. To prevent this situation from happening again the following year, Guangzhou piloted the use of 'genetically modified mosquitoes', also known as' beneficial mosquitoes'. Therefore, this technology was successfully applied. Although the use of various genetically modified technologies to control pests has been helpful in fields such as agriculture, ecological environment, and clinical medicine, there are also concerns in the biological community that these modified mosquitoes, as well as this genetically modified control method, may pose a threat to the ecosystem of the Earth's biosphere. At present, this statement has not been verified, but overall, we hope that more people will devote themselves to this field in the future and make more contributions to the development of humanity!