In agricultural production, especially in arid areas, soil temperature and humidity are important factors affecting plant growth. The temperature and humidity of soil generally include soil moisture, soil moisture temperature, soil moisture, soil water potential, etc. Currently, measuring soil temperature and humidity generally requires the use of soil temperature and humidity recorders, which can measure and record soil temperature and humidity.

The spatial heterogeneity of soil temperature and humidity has a certain impact on the spatial distribution pattern of vegetation productivity. The dynamics of soil temperature and humidity are influenced by both water replenishment (rainfall, groundwater regulation, etc.) and water consumption (surface evaporation, vegetation transpiration, etc.). Terrain has a direct and indirect impact on the ecological processes of water replenishment and consumption through the secondary allocation of resources such as light, heat, and water, resulting in spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture content and grassland productivity under different terrain conditions. There are different correlations between vegetation productivity and soil temperature and humidity at different spatiotemporal scales in biological systems.

Therefore, conducting multi-scale research is of great significance for elucidating various ecological processes that affect soil temperature and humidity transport and spatiotemporal differentiation of grassland productivity. This article explores the influence of terrain on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of soil temperature, humidity, and biomass in the Yanchi Desert Grassland in Ningxia through observations of soil temperature, humidity, and biomass. The relationship between soil moisture content at different depths and grassland biomass in different growth seasons is analyzed to reveal the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of soil temperature, humidity, and biomass under different terrain conditions, as well as the key ecological factors affecting temperature, humidity transport, and plant growth. This provides a theoretical basis for explaining the stability of desert ecosystems and conducting in-depth research on desertification areas.