Introduction to lithium batteries and their principles

Lithium batteries "are a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.1912Lithium metal batteries have been around for a long timeGilbert N. LewisPropose and study.20century70In the era,M. S. WhittinghamPropose and start researching lithium-ion batteries. Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium metal, its processing, storage, and use require very high environmental standards. With the development of science and technology, lithium batteries have become mainstream.

Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries do not contain metallic lithium and are rechargeable. The fifth generation product of rechargeable batteries, lithium metal batteries, is1996Born in [year], its safety, specific capacity, self discharge rate, and cost-effectiveness are all superior to lithium-ion batteries. But its technical requirements are relatively high, and its current application is not very widespread.

Lithium ion batteries often use lithium alloy metal oxides as positive electrode materials, graphite as negative electrode materials, and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions. The chemical equation of the positive electrode during charging isLiCoO2==Li(1-x)CoO2+XLi++Xe-(electron)The chemical equation for the negative electrode is6C+XLi++Xe- = LixC6The total reaction of the battery during charging isLiCoO2+6C = Li(1-x)CoO2+LixC6.