1、 Hardware system malfunction

1. X-ray source malfunction
   • performanceUnstable radiation output, insufficient dose, or inability to output the beam, resulting in blurry images or no data.
   • reasonHigh voltage generator malfunction, filament aging, abnormal cooling system (such as high temperature of cooling oil).
   • handle：
     • Check if the high-voltage cable connection is loose and replace the aging filament;
     • Detect the circulating flow rate of the cooling system, replenish heat dissipation oil or clean blocked pipelines;
     • If the high-voltage generator breaks down, professional personnel need to replace the components.
2. Detector malfunction
   • performanceFixed stripes, noise, or locally unresponsive areas appear in the image.
   • reasonDamaged detector unit, poor contact of signal transmission line, and dust accumulation affecting sensitivity.
   • handle：
     • Use calibration software to locate the damaged unit and replace the detector module;
     • Clean the surface and internal circuit board of the detector, and re plug and unplug the signal cable;
     • Regularly perform detector calibration (such as gain correction, offset correction).
3. Mechanical motion system malfunction
   • performanceScanning platform lag and rotation axis positioning deviation result in image misalignment or artifacts.
   • reasonInsufficient lubrication of the guide rail, servo motor driver malfunction, encoder signal abnormality.
   • handle：
     • Apply specialized lubricant to the guide rail and screw, and clean up debris;
     • Use an oscilloscope to detect encoder pulse signals and replace damaged motors or drivers;
     • Re calibrate the origin of the motion axis and calibrate the rotation accuracy (error should be ≤ 0.01mm).

2、 Software and control system malfunction

1. Image reconstruction failed
   • performanceThe reconstructed image exhibits severe artifacts, missing data, or system errors.
   • reasonIncomplete projection data acquisition (such as trigger delay), incorrect reconstruction algorithm parameters, and insufficient computer memory.
   • handle：
     • Check the synchronization trigger signal between X-ray and detector, and adjust the acquisition delay time;
     • Reset reconstruction parameters (such as filtering function, iteration count), restart the software;
     • Clean up the computer cache, increase memory, or replace the solid-state drive.
2. System communication interruption
   • performanceThe control panel is unable to control the hardware, or the software prompts' Device connection failed '.
   • reasonLoose USB/Ethernet interface, PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) program error, IP address conflict.
   • handle：
     • Re plug and unplug communication cables, replace interfaces or switches;
     • Check the I/O signal through PLC programming software and restart the controller;
     • Manually set a unique IP address to avoid conflicts with other devices on the local area network.

3、 Auxiliary system malfunction

1. Abnormal cooling system
   • performanceWater chiller alarm, X-ray source temperature exceeds threshold.
   • reasonWater pump malfunction, heat exchanger scaling, insufficient coolant.
   • handle：
     • Replace the water pump and clean the heat exchanger with descaling agent;
     • Add deionized water or specialized coolant to remove air from the pipeline.
2. Radiation safety interlock failure
   • performanceAfter the safety door is closed, the scan cannot be initiated and the alarm light remains on.
   • reasonInterlock switch damaged, radiation dose monitor false alarm, emergency stop button not reset.
   • handle：
     • Use a multimeter to check the on/off status of the switch and replace damaged parts;
     • Calibrate the dose monitor, reset the emergency stop button, and check the circuit connection.

4、 Preventive measures

• regular maintenanceClean detectors and X-ray sources quarterly, calibrate mechanical accuracy and dose parameters annually;
• environmental controlMaintain stable temperature (20 ± 5 ℃) and humidity (40%~60%) in the computer room to avoid dust accumulation;
• Operating SpecificationsOperators need to receive training and are prohibited from forcibly interrupting scanning while the equipment is running.