Introduction to pig tonsil live sampler

The tonsil sampler for animals (pig tonsil sampler) was successfully developed by veterinary researchers in 1980 and won the second prize for technical improvement from the Ministry of Agriculture in 1982. This instrument is mainly used to collect tonsil tissue from live pigs for veterinary research, quarantine, pig farm purification, and other purposes.

1、 Specification of specimen collection (approximate value)

1. Tool specifications

(1) Diameter of 5 millimeters (customized for pigs weighing less than 50KG);

(2) , with a diameter of 5.5 millimeters;

2. Specimen specifications: reference value, 0.04-0.06 cubic centimeters, weight: 60-70 milligrams;

2、 Principles and Structure of Instruments

This device utilizes the sliding fit between tool 1 and tool 2 to cut the tonsil tissue trapped in the gap of tool 1. For the convenience of use and disinfection, a gun type structure is adopted, and more than 95% of the components (including screws) are made of stainless steel material.

3、 Packaging List

1. (1) One set of sampler

(2) 3 sets of cutting tools

(3) 1 each for the size of the mouth opener

(4) 2 sets of stabilizers

(5) 1 equipment package

2. Usage:

Use a stabilizer to secure the pig, then pry open the pig's mouth with an opener. After inserting the cutting tool into the mouth, make the outer slope of the front end of the tool pierce into the surface of the tonsils at an angle of about 70-80 degrees. The tonsil tissue will be trapped in the gap of tool 1. Pull the sampler body to the bottom dead center, overcome the resistance of spring 7, and push the six tubes 3 of the spring seat and the sleeve 2 to migrate, thus squeezing and cutting the tonsil tissue in the gap.

4、 Precautions

When inserting a knife into the tonsils, there should be a picking action, and it should not be slid left or right or pushed flat to reduce the wound area. And insert as much tonsil tissue as possible into the gap of the cutting tool to achieve good results.

Development Report of Pig Tonsil Sampler

Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Porcine Infectious Gastroenteritis Research Group \ Low Temperature Equipment Factory

We have reported the use of immunofluorescence diagnostic method for the examination of tonsils in pigs with infectious gastroenteritis, which is applicable to acute, chronic, and latent infections in pigs. The detection rate is significantly higher than that of examining the jejunum, and it is easy to slice and determine, breaking through the traditional method of only taking the jejunum for internal and external immunofluorescence diagnosis. We also mentioned the successful development of a tonsil sampler for live sampling for prenatal diagnosis, which can be used for individual quarantine and disease investigation.

Based on the analysis of the horse liver puncture device, human tonsillectomy device, and referring to the appearance photos of the Japanese pig tonsil sampler, we have independently designed and developed a gun type tonsil sampler. It has been standardized, with a beautiful appearance, simple structure, and easy production. Through hundreds of experiments on multi head pigs, it has been proven that samples can be collected from various pigs such as piglets, fattening pigs, and male and female pigs without adverse effects on pigs. In terms of extraction probability, sampling speed, and tissue block integrity, it performs better than the Japanese tonsil sampler. The following is a brief report.

Basic structure and usage of gun type tonsil sampler

The performance standards for sampler design should require high sampling probability, good sample integrity, and minimal damage to pigs. Based on this, multiple modifications and improvements were made to the instrument structure and basic technical conditions during the trial production. A standard sampler was made using stainless steel as the main material, and a simple sampler with the same performance was further modified as shown in the photo.

Basic structure and sampling principle

The standard sampler is illuminated by two No. 5 batteries

The system consists of two main parts: the sampler holder and the tube with a sampling knife. Each component is connected and fixed by threads. The sampler holder is equipped with two No. 5 battery spotlight bulbs, a power switch at the back, a wrench in the middle, and a tool holder nut that can be adjusted to match the length of the tool holder and sleeve. The fixing nut can adjust the tool angle according to the surgeon's technique. The cutting tool consists of a "corner blade" and a cutting groove, with a large cutting tool diameter of 6mm and a small cutting tool diameter of 4mm. The cutting tool is connected to the tool holder and is externally covered by a tube sleeve, with its front end connected to the tool sleeve. When sampling, insert the blade into the tonsils, and the tissue enters the tool gap. After pressing the sampler switch, the tube sleeve is pushed forward by the spring force, and the sharp blade sleeve separates the tissue entering the blade slot from the surrounding tissue. And seal the sample in the knife slot and remove it from the pig's mouth.

The main components of the simple sampler are the same as the standard sampler, which relies on the grip force of the hand to press the wrench switch to move the tube sleeve forward and cut tissue. After evacuating the oral cavity, release the wrench switch and move the tube back to expose the collected sample.

Usage and precautions

Before use, adjust the proper fitting length of the cutter head and the cutter sleeve, and check whether there is damage to the blade or bending of the cutter bar due to improper storage and other factors. Using one hand to press the wrench switch and the other hand to press down on the sampler tube sleeve, release the wrench switch and expose the "corner blade" outside the sleeve. One person uses a nose screwdriver (pig holder) to firmly secure the pig, and the surgeon uses an opener to pry open the mouth. The other hand holds the sampler and turns on the lighting switch. Once the wrench switch is pressed without any contact with the soft crocodile's posterior parts, tongue, etc., immediately evacuate the mouth. Take out the sample from the knife slot and place it in a suitable container. After each use, wipe the gun clean, disinfect with flame, and boil the blade and sleeve for disinfection. Store in a dry place.

Sampler performance test

After the sampler was basically finalized, we tested its sampling probability, sampling size, and slice effect, and conducted a sampling comparison experiment with the Japanese tonsil sampler.

Extraction rate testing

This sampler was used to conduct one to multiple sampling tests on piglets, fattening pigs, male pigs, and female pigs above the head age, proving that all types of pigs can be sampled with a sampling rate of. After the sampler enters the oral contact tissue, it only takes one second to extract the sample. The sampling method has been tested and verified to have the characteristics of fast sampling and high efficiency.

Using a sampler to conduct live sampling and inspection on pig herds raised by five member households in Harbin Meat Union Factory, two pig farms, and four communes, the positive rate of immunofluorescence was reached.

Performance comparison test with Japanese sampler

Observation of the sampling and film making effect: The appearance of the collected samples is smooth, with intact tissue blocks and no damage such as compression deformation. When sliced, the tissue structure is normal, and when made into a smear, the cells are clearly visible in the photo.

The smear, staining, and fluorescence examination of the flat phase flipped sample collected from the photo can easily distinguish positive and negative cells from the photo

After we successfully developed the gun type tonsil sampler, we received the tonsil sampler developed by the Animal Drug Inspection Institute of the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and produced by Fujihira Industrial Co., Ltd., as a gift from a friendly person in Japan. This instrument is powered by a micro motor, and the diamond shaped sampling knife rotates and shatters the tissue, and then a part of the tissue is carried out by the knife sleeve for smear preparation. Its appearance and structure are different from those of a gun sampler. ’We use it according to the instructions. For comparison, two types of samplers were used to sample the same pig with the same level of operation. The comparison results are shown in the table. From the table, it can be seen that the sampler we developed has the advantages of rapid sampling, high extraction rate, complete tissue, large sample volume, and good slide effect.

From the above experimental results, it can be seen that the gun sampler has fast sampling, high extraction rate, complete tissue, large sample volume, and good film making effect. Therefore, we believe that it is a high-performance veterinary instrument.

discuss

The tonsils have a unique lymphoid tissue structure and important immune function. They serve as a defense gateway and are also susceptible to microbial infections, becoming a site that preserves bacteria and toxins. This has sparked discussions among scholars in histology, microbiology, immunology, and other fields

Interest in exploring the field. Through practical verification, it has been found that the isolation rate of porcine erysipelas from tonsils is very high. Ten years ago, Kenzo Shinto and others reported the use of a sampler to collect tonsils and make smears as a method for diagnosing swine fever through immunization. American Livestock Health Delegation. During my summer visit, I was introduced to using a sampler to collect tonsils for fluorescence examination to diagnose pseudorabies. With the advancement of science and technology, the tonsil sampler for animals has become an essential tool in some scientific research and testing work. During the development process of the gun type tonsil sampler, three types and seven styles of cutting heads were designed and manufactured, which were determined through comparative experiments. The angle blade is a fixed component. Under the reasonable assembly of all parts of the machine, rapid sampling, high extraction rate, complete tissue blocks, large sample volume, and good preparation of smears or sections can be achieved without adverse effects on pigs. Due to its ideal sampling performance, we believe that this device may have widespread value in the fields of histology, immunology, and diagnosis of various infectious diseases in almond sampling. We have provided this device to our research on fluorescent antibody diagnosis of swine fever for trial use, and the results have been very satisfactory.

The performance of the real gun tonsil sampler is verified to be reliable, with fast sampling, high extraction rate, and good tissue sampling effect. It is a good sampling instrument for the immunofluorescence diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis to examine tonsils. The successful development of this live sampling device will contribute to the promotion and application of immunofluorescence testing technology for porcine infectious gastroenteritis, and can also be used for the diagnosis of infectious diseases such as swine fever and pseudorabies, as well as other research work.

Experiments have shown that this device causes minimal damage to the sampling area and has no adverse effects on the health of pigs. It is a safe tissue puncture instrument.