Raman spectroscopy is a type of scattering spectrum. Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method based on the Raman scattering effect discovered by Indian scientist C.V. Raman, which analyzes scattering spectra with frequencies different from the incident light to obtain information on molecular vibration and rotation, and applies it to molecular structure research.
Raman spectroscopy is a type of molecular spectroscopy that uses inelastic scattered light (commonly known as Raman scattering) to observe and detect the vibrational (phonon) state of molecules. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy provides an invaluable analytical tool that can identify molecules and monitor changes in molecular bond structures (such as substance composition, state changes and stress-strain, crystal shape and crystallinity).

Characteristics of Raman Spectroscopy
Compared to other vibrational spectroscopy methods such as FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and NIR (Near Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman spectroscopy has its own advantages, which are due to the Raman effect manifested in the light scattered by the sample rather than the light absorbed by the sample. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy requires almost no effort in sample preparation and is insensitive to water absorption bands. The property of Raman spectroscopy allows it to not only directly test solids, liquids, and gases, but also to test substances through transparent materials such as glass, quartz, and plastic.

Application of Raman Spectroscopy in the Detection of Pesticide Residues in Food
With the progress of society and the improvement of people's living standards, food safety has become a hot topic of global concern, and pesticide residue pollution is one of the primary factors restricting food nutrition and safety. Conventional detection methods have many shortcomings, such as strong professionalism and complex detection methods. Due to the different molecular structures of different pesticides, their vibration spectra will also be different. Therefore, using Raman spectroscopy to identify different pesticides is feasible.

The application of Raman spectroscopy technology to detect insecticides and fungicides commonly used in grains, vegetables, and fruits has made progress. The detection of pesticide residues in food by Raman spectroscopy mainly refers to the detection of pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables. When identifying pesticides using Raman spectroscopy, it is necessary to first obtain the Raman spectra of various fruits and vegetables, and then measure the Raman spectra of various standard pesticides to form a database and evaluation model. This can identify the Raman spectra of fruits and vegetables sprayed with pesticides and detect the pesticide content on the surface of fruits and vegetables. Based on the characteristic peaks of various pesticides, it is possible to quickly distinguish various pesticides and their residues on the surface of fruits and vegetables in real time.