1、 Preparation in advance (10 minutes)

1. Equipment inspectionConfirm that all glass components of the distillation apparatus (distillation flask, condenser tube, receiving tube) are free of cracks and the sealing of the grinding port is intact; Check that there is no leakage in the circulating water system pipeline, and that the surface of the heating furnace is clean and free of debris.
2. Sample and reagent preparationAccording to the testing requirements, take a quantitative sample and pour it into a distillation flask. Add zeolite or magnetic stirrer (to prevent boiling); If distillation auxiliary reagents (such as buffer solutions, acidifiers) are needed, add them in proportion and gently shake well.
3. Cooling water connectionConnect the inlet and outlet pipes of the circulating water to the condenser pipe interface, turn on the circulating water switch, and adjust the water flow rate until there is no significant temperature rise on the outer wall of the condenser pipe to avoid excessive water flow causing the pipe to fall off.

2、 Device assembly and parameter setting

1. component installationFix the distillation flask containing the sample on the heating furnace, connect the distillation head to the condenser tube, and ensure that the grinding mouth is tightly adhered; Place the receiving bottle at the lower end of the receiving tube and adjust its position so that the distillate can accurately flow into the bottle.
2. Parameter SettingsSet the heating power (usually 300-800W, adjusted according to the boiling point of the sample) and distillation time (or distillate volume threshold) through the control panel; Activate the anti backflow and over temperature alarm functions to ensure the safety of the experiment.

3、 Distillation operation process

1. start operationAfter confirming that all components are installed correctly, press the start button and the equipment will automatically heat up. In the initial stage, low-power heating is used. After the sample boils smoothly, the power can be adjusted appropriately to maintain a stable flow rate of the distillate (usually 1-2 drops/second).
2. process monitoringDuring the distillation process, observe the sample status in real-time. If boiling occurs, immediately reduce the heating power; Check if there is any steam leakage in the condenser tube and if the volume of distillate from the receiving bottle meets expectations.
3. Endpoint controlWhen the set distillation time or distillate volume is reached, the equipment automatically stops heating; If manual stop is required, first turn off the heating switch, continue to supply cooling water for 5-10 minutes, and then turn off the circulating water after the distillation flask has cooled down.

4、 Subsequent processing and cleaning

1. Device disassemblyAfter the distillation flask has completely cooled down, remove the receiving flask, condenser tube, and distillation flask in sequence to avoid high-temperature glass from exploding or scalding when exposed to cold.
2. Cleaning and maintenanceRinse all glass components with deionized water. If there are residual stains, soak them in dilute nitric acid and rinse; Store properly after drying to prevent damage to glass components.
3. data recordingRecord the sample information, parameter settings, distillate volume, and other data of this distillation to facilitate the traceability of experimental results.

5、 Precautions

1. It is strictly prohibited to open the protective cover of the distillation apparatus during the heating process to avoid burns caused by high-temperature steam; When distilling corrosive samples, acid and alkali resistant gloves and goggles should be worn.
2. Distillation of flammable and explosive samples is prohibited. If organic solvents need to be processed, they must be handled in a fume hood and explosion-proof measures must be taken.