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Working principle and usage precautions of laboratory liquid nitrogen machine
Date: 2025-07-10Read: 1
The laboratory liquid nitrogen machine achieves nitrogen liquefaction through multi-stage compression, cooling, and expansion of nitrogen in the air. The emergence of liquid nitrogen machines has greatly improved the preparation efficiency and safety of liquid nitrogen, reduced the dependence on purchasing liquid nitrogen from external sources, and ensured the continuity and flexibility of experimental work.
Laboratory liquid nitrogen machineWorking principle:
1. Air compression
The nitrogen in the air accounts for about 78%, and the liquid nitrogen machine first sucks in the air and compresses it to a high pressure state through a compressor.
2. Air purification
The compressed air is filtered to remove moisture, oil, and impurities, avoiding damage to subsequent cooling equipment.
3. Refrigeration cycle
Compressed air enters the cooler and is cooled through heat exchange. Subsequently, high-pressure air enters the expansion valve, rapidly expands, and the temperature drops sharply.
4. Liquid nitrogen separation
The expanded low-temperature gas passes through a separation device, where nitrogen condenses into liquid and liquid nitrogen is collected from the bottom of the separator.
5. Storage and output
Liquid nitrogen is stored in low-temperature tanks, and users can access it through dedicated pipelines according to their needs.
Application of liquid nitrogen machine in laboratory:
1. Low temperature preservation of biological samples
Liquid nitrogen can rapidly freeze biological cells, tissues, blood and other samples to ultra-low temperatures, inhibit cell metabolism and damage, prolong sample preservation time, and ensure the accuracy of scientific research data.
2. Low temperature cooling experiment
Temperature control is often required in chemical reactions and physics experiments, with liquid nitrogen serving as a coolant to help experimenters obtain the desired temperature environment.
3. Research on Superconducting Materials
Superconductors exhibit their properties at extremely low temperatures, and liquid nitrogen provides a low-temperature environment for superconducting experiments.
4. Medical applications
Liquid nitrogen is used for cryosurgery (cryotherapy), treatment of skin lesions, etc., to ensure medical quality.
5. Food industry and cold chain transportation
Liquid nitrogen is used for rapid freezing of food to keep it fresh and nutritious.
Precautions for using laboratory liquid nitrogen machine:
1. Safety protection
The temperature of liquid nitrogen is extremely low, so protective gloves and goggles should be worn during use to prevent frostbite.
2. Good ventilation
The volatilization of liquid nitrogen can reduce the concentration of oxygen in the air, so it is necessary to ensure laboratory ventilation and avoid the risk of oxygen deficiency.
3. Regular maintenance
The internal equipment of the liquid nitrogen machine needs regular maintenance to prevent blockage and damage, and extend its service life.
4. Avoid using confined spaces
Liquid nitrogen should not be used in large quantities in confined spaces to avoid suffocation accidents.
5. Operation training
Users must undergo professional training, familiarize themselves with equipment operation procedures and emergency response methods.