Operating principle of Hengaode instrument 15 liter volume ultrasonic extractor

Mainly based on the various physical effects generated by ultrasound propagation in liquid media, these effects work together to accelerate and improve the extraction efficiency of target components. The core principles include mechanical effects, cavitation effects, and thermal effects.‌

‌mechanical effect‌When ultrasound propagates in a medium, it will cause high-speed vibration and acceleration (up to thousands of times the acceleration of gravity) of the medium particles. This mechanical vibration can destroy the cell structure, promote the release of active ingredients from the medicinal matrix, and dissolve them in the solvent.‌

‌Cavitation effect‌Ultrasonic waves form tiny bubbles (cavities) in liquids, which rapidly expand and close under the action of sound pressure, generating instantaneous high pressure (up to thousands of atmospheres) and shock waves, thereby penetrating cell walls and accelerating component dissolution.‌

‌thermal effect‌After being absorbed by the medium, ultrasonic energy is partially converted into thermal energy, causing an instantaneous increase in local temperature, increasing the solubility and diffusion rate of the target component, and at the same time, low-temperature conditions (such as...)65°CThe following helps to maintain biological activity.‌

These effects work together to achieve efficient and low-temperature extraction processes, suitable for a variety of Chinese medicinal herbs and compounds.‌

principle

Ultrasonic extraction utilizes the mechanical, cavitation, and thermal effects of ultrasound to extract bioactive components by increasing the velocity and penetration of medium molecules.[2]

mechanical effect

The propagation of ultrasonic waves in a medium can cause vibration of medium particles in their propagation space, thereby enhancing the diffusion and propagation of the medium. This is the mechanical effect of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic waves generate a radiation pressure during propagation, which propagates along the direction of sound waves and has a strong destructive effect on materials, causing deformation of cell tissues and denaturation of plant proteins; At the same time, it can also provide different accelerations to the medium and suspension, and the velocity of the medium molecules is much higher than that of the suspension molecules. Thus, friction is generated between the two, which can cause biomolecules to dissociate and dissolve the active ingredients on the cell wall faster in the solvent.

Cavitation effect

Usually, some microbubbles are more or less dissolved inside the medium, and these bubbles vibrate under the action of ultrasound. When the sound pressure reaches a certain value, the bubbles diffuse in a directional manner（straightdiffusion）And it increases, forming a resonant cavity, and then suddenly closes, which is the cavitation effect of ultrasound. When this type of bubble closes, it generates thousands of atmospheres of pressure around it, forming micro shock waves that can cause the rupture of plant cell walls and the entire organism. The entire rupture process is completed in an instant, which is beneficial for the dissolution of active ingredients.

thermal effect

Like other physical waves, the propagation of ultrasound in a medium is also a process of energy propagation and diffusion. During the propagation of ultrasound in a medium, its sound energy is continuously absorbed by the particles of the medium, and the medium converts all or most of the absorbed energy into thermal energy, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the medium itself and the medicinal tissue, and an increase in the dissolution rate of the active ingredients in the drug. Due to the instantaneous increase in temperature inside the drug tissue caused by the absorption of sound energy, the biological activity of the extracted components can be maintained unchanged.